Mechanical properties of HEK 293 cells determined from the membrane fluctuation profiles. Bending modulus κ (a), surface tension σ (b) and effective viscosity of cell cytoplasm η (c) of HEK 293 cell membrane (mean ± SD, N=10 cells). Significance levels, P, were evaluated by t-test with P<0.001 (**), and P<0.05(*). Error bars denote standard deviations.