Table 1.
Demographics and surgical outcomes of the NSAIDS group and the morphine group.
| NSAIDS group (n = 35) | Morphine group (n = 35) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and surgical outcomes of the patients | |||
| Sex | 0.460 | ||
| Men, n (%) | 31 (88.6) | 32 (91.4) | |
| Women, n (%) | 4 (11.4) | 3 (8.6) | |
| Age (years), mean ± SD (range) | 69.4 ± 10.8 (40–86) | 69.3 ± 11.8 (40–87) | 0.983 |
| DM, n (%) | 5 (14.3%) | 4 (11.4%) | 0.482 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 23.7 ± 3.0 | 22.9 ± 2.8 | 0.745 |
| Pathologic stage | 0.711 | ||
| CIS, TO, T1 | 7 (20) | 9 (25.7) | |
| T2 | 16 (45.7) | 14 (40) | |
| ≥T3 | 12 (34.3) | 12 (34.3) | |
| Preoperative eGFR (ml/min/m2), mean ± SD | 97.1 ± 6.6 | 98.5 ± 7.2 | 0.574 |
| Charlson cormorbidity index | 0.643 | ||
| 0–2, n (%) | 32 (91.4) | 33 (94.3) | |
| >2, n (%) | 3 (8.6) | 2 (5.7) | |
| Pre-operative anticoagulation by oral aspirin | 3 (8.6) | 7 (20) | 0.006 |
| Surgical methods | 0.060 | ||
| ORC with IC | 3 (8.6) | 7 (20) | |
| ORC with ON | 4 (11.4) | 5 (14.3) | |
| RARC with IC | 17 (48.6) | 18 (51.4) | |
| RARC with ON | 11 (31.4) | 9 (25.7) | |
| Operational time (min.), mean ± SD | 406.3 ± 141.1 | 409.9 ± 133.1 | 0.914 |
| Intraoperative blood loss (ml), mean ± SD | 497.1 ± 493.5 | 510.1. ± 472.8 | 0.784 |
| Postoperative outcomes of radical cystectomy | |||
| Postoperative vomiting, n (%) | 3 (8.6) | 15 (42.9) | 0.001 |
| Postoperative blood transfusion, n (%) | 6 (17.1) | 5 (14.3) | 0.743 |
| Postoperative eGFR (ml/min/m2), mean ± SD | 94.8 ± 4.9 | 96.7 ± 5.3 | 0.501 |
| Post-Preoperative eGFR (ml/min/m2), mean ± SD | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 0.476 |
| Time to flatus (days), mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 0.028 |
| Time to the first bowel movement (days), mean ± SD | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 0.001 |
| Time to the first clear liquid diet (days), mean ± SD | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 0.002 |
| Length of hospitalization (days), mean (range) | 15.7 (11–28) | 16.5 (11–29) | 0.427 |
| Complications by modified Clavien classificaiton, n (%) | 7 (20.0) | 11 (31.4) | 0.588 |
| Grade I | 1 (2.9) | 2 (5.7) | |
| Grade II | 6 (17.1) | 8 (22.9) | |
| Grade III | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.9) | |
| GI complication rate (%) | 2 (5.7) | 4 (11.4) | 0.050 |
| No. of patients satisfied to pain management, n (%) | 17 (48.6) | 19 (54.3) | 0.632 |
ORC: open radical cystectomy, RARC: robot assisted radical cystectomy, IC: ileal conduit, ON: orthotopic neobladder, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, GI: gastrointestinal Postoperative eGFR was measured on postoperative day 5. Oral aspirin for anticoagulation was stopped at least 1 week before surgery.