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. 2018 Mar 15;8:4649. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22867-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Intravenous C16 and Ang-1 enhanced the efficacy of PMSC therapy for inhibiting demyelination in the EAE rat model. (A–U) Immunofluorescence staining of brain cortex and spinal cord specimens for MBP (red) at 3 and 8 weeks pi. SC denotes transverse sections through the anterior horn of the lumbar spine, and BC denotes coronal sections of the motor cortex. (V–Y) Immunofluorescence staining of PMSC grafts (green) for MBP (red) at 3 and 8 weeks pi. Arrows indicate PMSC homing to the parenchyma. Scale bar = 100 μm. (I) Percentage of MBP⁺ cells in all engrafted PMSCs at 3 and 8 weeks pi. n = 5, **P < 0.01 vs. P + C + A (at 3 weeks pi, ES = 1.69, P < 0.0001; at 8 weeks pi, ES = 0.92, P < 0.0001). (II,III) Demyelination scores in BC and SC at 3 (II) and 8 (III) weeks pi. n = 5, *P < 0.01 vs. vehicle, ^&P < 0.05 vs. PMSCs. (II) In SC, PMSCs vs. vehicle: ES = 15.41, P < 0.0001; P + C + A vs. vehicle: E = 22.93, P < 0.0001; P + C + A vs. PMSCs: ES = 9.86, P = 0.0025. In BC, PMSCs vs. vehicle: ES = 15.96, P < 0.0001; P + C + A vs. vehicle: ES = 21.51, P < 0.0001; P + C + A vs. PMSCs: ES = 17.23, P = 0.0001. (III) In SC, PMSCs vs. vehicle: ES = 9.28, P = 0.0004; P + C + A vs. vehicle: ES = 11.99, P < 0.0001; P + C + A vs. PMSCs: ES = 7.05, P = 0.005. In BC, PMSCs vs. vehicle: ES = 17.39, P < 0.0001; P + C + A vs. vehicle: ES = 12.48, P < 0.0001; P + C + A vs. PMSCs: ES = 0.95, P = 0.26.