Table 2.

Summary of the Mantel–Haenszel gender DIF analyses for the TEC components

TEC Component	${\chi }_{\mathrm{M}H}^2$	p-value	${\widehat{\alpha }}_{\mathrm{M}H}$	ETS DIF classification
Recognition	0.275	.600	1.330	Negligible DIF
External cause	0.047	.828	1.073	Negligible DIF
Desire	2.328	.127	0.642	Negligible DIF
Belief	1.514	.218	1.333	Negligible DIF
Memory	0.702	.402	0.805	Negligible DIF
Regulation	0.640	.424	1.242	Negligible DIF
Hiding	0.181	.670	0.894	Negligible DIF
Mixed	0.223	.637	0.874	Negligible DIF
Morality	0.432	.511	1.231	Negligible DIF

${\chi }_{\mathrm{M}H}^2$: MH chi-square statistic used to test the null hypothesis of No DIF (H ₀: α _MH = 1). This statistics follows a chi-squared distribution with one degree of freedom

${\widehat{\alpha }}_{\mathrm{M}H}$: MH common odds ratio estimator. ${\widehat{\alpha }}_{\mathrm{M}H}$ > 1 indicate DIF in favour of the reference group (girls) and ${\widehat{\alpha }}_{\mathrm{M}H}$ < 1 indicate DIF in favour of the focal group (boys)

ETS DIF classification: Classification of DIF based on the criteria proposed by the Educational Testing Service (ETS): negligible DIF/ moderate DIF/large DIF

There was no necessary to purify total test scores given that none component was identified displaying DIF in the first analysis