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Schematic diagram showing the pathophysiological changes during the CPB (A). Ghrelin treatment improved organ damage indices. Effects of ghrelin on LDH (B), ALT (C), and AST (D) before, and after 120 min and 240 min of CPB. The data shown are the mean ± SEM; N = 5 rats per group. Statistical differences were determined by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test or Student's unpaired t-test. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. sham group; ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs. CPB saline group.
