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. 2018 Mar 9;9:196. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00196

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Copyright © 2018 Sukumaran, Tsuchimochi, Fujii, Hosoda, Kangawa, Akiyama, Shirai, Tatsumi and Pearson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ghrelin treatment partially improved plasma catecholamine, cytokine levels and the balance between reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione in rats during CPB. Plasma levels of norepinephrine (A), epinephrine (B), dopamine (C), TNF- α (D), IL-6 (E), total GSH (F), and GSSG (G) before, and after 120 and 240 min of CPB. The data shown are the mean ± SEM; N = 5 rats per group. Statistical differences were determined by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test or Student's unpaired t-test. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. sham group; ^#p < 0.05, ^###p < 0.001 vs. CPB saline group.