Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Mar 9;9:196. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00196

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2018 Sukumaran, Tsuchimochi, Fujii, Hosoda, Kangawa, Akiyama, Shirai, Tatsumi and Pearson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Ghrelin treatment did not reduce immune cell infiltration and oxidative stress due to CPB in the rat heart, but not IL-6 protein expression. (A) H&E stained heart section of a sham rat showing normal features of cardiomyocytes, blood vessels and endomysium; a CPB saline group rat showing focal accumulations of infiltrating immune cells (black arrows) and degenerating myocardial cells; a ghrelin treated rat showing reduced focal accumulations and a marginal number of degenerating myocardial cells. (B) Immunofluorescence staining was used to access the levels of CD-68 macrophages (red stain, white arrows) positively-stained in cardiomyocytes. (C) Quantitative measurement of CD-68 positive cell number/field across 20 fields. (D) In situ TUNEL-assay was used to access the apoptotic cell number (green stain)/field across 20 fields in the myocardium. Nuclei were labeled with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, blue). The merged image is presented in this figure. In all images scale bar is 50 μm. (E) Myocardial protein expression levels of NT, CD-68, IL-6, and caspase-3 was detected by Western blotting. β-actin was used as an internal control. (F–I) Bar graphs showing the densitometric analysis of the NT, CD-68, and IL-6 Western blots. The data shown are the mean ± SEM; N = 3 rats per group. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. *p < 0.05 vs. sham group.