Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Mar 9;9:196. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00196

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2018 Sukumaran, Tsuchimochi, Fujii, Hosoda, Kangawa, Akiyama, Shirai, Tatsumi and Pearson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Ghrelin treatment improved liver inflammation, oxidative stress but not apoptosis in rats following CPB. (A) H&E stained liver section of a sham rat showing normal features of central vein (CV), hepatocytes (H), sinusoids (S) and bi-nucleated cells (BN); a CPB rat showing increased mononuclear cell infiltration (black arrows) and vacuolated cells (V); a ghrelin treated rat showing fewer V and infiltrating cells (black arrows). (B) Immunofluorescence staining was used to access the levels of CD-68 macrophage (red stain; white arrows) positively-staining in the liver. In all images the scale bar is 50 μm. (C) Quantitative measurement of CD-68 positive cell number/field across 20 fields. (D) In situ TUNEL-assay was used to assess the apoptotic cell number (green stain; white arrow)/field across 20 fields in liver. Nuclei were labeled with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, blue). The merged image is presented in this figure. In all images scale bar is 50 μm. (E) Quantitative measurement of apoptotic cell number/field across 20 fields. (F) Protein expression levels of CD-68, NT and caspase-3 detected by Western blotting. β-actin was used as an internal control. (G–I) Bar graph showing the densitometric analysis of the CD-68 and NT caspase-3 Western blots. The data shown are the mean ± SEM; N = 3 rats per group. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. sham group.