. 2018 Mar 9;9:196. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00196

Table 1.

Hemodynamic variables, hemoglobin content, pH, electrolytes and blood gas partial pressures before and during four hours of CPB in rats pre-treated with saline or ghrelin and sham control rats (Protocol 1).

Parameters	Group	Pre-CPB	CPB 120 min	CPB 240 min
MAP (mm Hg)	Sham	108 ± 3	109 ± 4	98 ± 2
	CPB + Saline	111 ± 3	92 ± 6^**^,^##	80 ± 4^**^,^###
	CPB + Ghrelin	114 ± 4	87 ± 7^***^,^###	88 ± 7^###
HR (beats/min)	Sham	339 ± 9	343 ± 17	375 ± 19
	CPB + Saline	319 ± 14	346 ± 12	349 ± 24
	CPB + Ghrelin	313 ± 18	332 ± 22	364 ± 10^#
PaO₂ (mm Hg)	Sham	102 ± 13	87 ± 06	81 ± 03
	CPB + Saline	115 ± 07	144 ± 20^*	167 ± 16^**^,^##
	CPB + Ghrelin	96 ± 14	116 ± 17^*	137 ± 13^#
PaCO₂ (mm Hg)	Sham	34 ± 2	33 ± 3	30 ± 3
	CPB + Saline	33 ± 2	30 ± 2	25 ± 2^###
	CPB + Ghrelin	32 ± 2	29 ± 2	25 ± 2^###
Hb (mg/dL)	Sham	13.7 ± 0.1	13.9 ± 0.2	13.5 ± 0.3
	CPB + Saline	14.2 ± 0.2	10.6 ± 0.2^***^,^###	9.5 ± 0.2^***^,^###
	CPB + Ghrelin	13.8 ± 0.2	11.1 ± 0.7^***^,^###	10.6 ± 0.6^***^,^###
HCT (%)	Sham	39.6 ± 0.81	41.0 ± 0.70	39.4 ± 0.92
	CPB + Saline	41.8 ± 0.66	31.2 ± 0.66^***^,^###	28.0 ± 0.54^***^,^###
	CPB + Ghrelin	40.6 ± 0.75	32.6 ± 2.07^***^,^###	31.2 ± 1.79^***^,^###^,^a
pH	Sham	7.53 ± 0.03	7.49 ± 0.03	7.49 ± 0.05
	CPB + Saline	7.52 ± 0.03	7.50 ± 0.04	7.51 ± 0.06
	CPB + Ghrelin	7.53 ± 0.04	7.48 ± 0.06^#	7.45 ± 0.05^##
Na (mEq/L)	Sham	136.20 ± 0.40	136.20 ± 0.60	136.50 ± 0.70
	CPB + Saline	136.40 ± 0.40	138.60 ± 0.90	141.20 ± 1.60^**^,^##
	CPB + Ghrelin	137.00 ± 0.35	138.20 ± 0.82	139.40 ± 1.30
K (mEq/L)	Sham	3.96 ± 0.09	4.03 ± 0.11	4.16 ± 0.06
	CPB + Saline	4.02 ± 0.11	3.66 ± 0.05^#	4.42 ± 0.14^#
	CPB + Ghrelin	4.02 ± 0.08	3.85 ± 0.15	4.80 ± 0.18^**^,^###

Hb, hemoglobin; HCT, haematocrit; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; Na, sodium level; PaCO₂, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO₂, arterial partial pressure of oxygen; K, potassium level. The data shown are the mean ± SEM; N = 5 rats per group;

p < 0.05,

^**

p < 0.01,

^***

p < 0.001 vs. sham group;

p < 0.05,

^##

p < 0.01,

^###

p < 0.001 vs. pre-CPB baseline,

p < 0.05 vs. saline-treated CPB group.