Table I.
WNT-related potential candidates for overcoming chemoresistance in mucinous ovarian cancer.
| Target | Therapeutic agent | Summary | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fzd | sFzd7 | Soluble Fzd7 peptide inhibitor | 39 |
| FJ9 | Small molecule inhibitor | 39 | |
| RHPDs | Small interfering peptides | 39 | |
| Salinomycin | Ionophore antibiotic | 36 | |
| Fzd7 antibody | Anti-FZD | 39 | |
| Vantictumab | Anti-FZD | 41 | |
| Ipafricept | Inhibitory FZD8-Fc fusion protein, also known as OMP-54F28 | 41 | |
| LRP5/6 | Dickkopf1 | Secreted inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway | 48 |
| Prodigiosin | Natural red pigment produced by bacterial species | 51 | |
| Dvl | FJ9 | Small molecule inhibitor | 39 |
| RHPDs | Small interfering peptides | 39 | |
| Prodigiosin | Natural red pigment produced by bacterial species | 51 | |
| 3289–8625 | Synthetic compound that binds to and blocks the PDZ domain of Dvl | 38,52 | |
| HUWE1 | E3 ubiquitin protein ligase | 55 | |
| WWOX | Member of the SDR protein family | 56 | |
| NSC668036 | Organic molecule that binds to and blocks the PDZ domain of Dvl | 54 | |
| DACT1 | Induces Dvl degradation | 25,54,57 | |
| Transmembrane protein 88 | Interacts with Dvl | 53 | |
| CK1 | SR-3029 | ATP-competitive CK1 inhibitor | 58 |
| CX-4945 | Selective ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor | 59 | |
| Hematein (3,4,10,6a-tetrahydroxy-7, 6 adihydroindeno [2,1-c] chroman-9-one) | CK2 inhibitor | 60 | |
| AXIN | XAV939 | Small molecule tankyrase 1 inhibitor | 62 |
| GSK3β | Prodigiosin | Natural red pigment produced by bacterial species | 51 |
| TDZD8 | Small chemical inhibitor | 65 | |
| TWS119 | Small chemical | 65 | |
| L803-mts | Peptide inhibitor | 65 | |
| Tideglusib | Selective and irreversible GSK-3 inhibitor | 64 | |
| Niclosamide | Salicyclamide-derivative anthelmintic drug | 66 | |
| DIF (1-[3-chloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl]hexan-1-one) | Differentiation-inducing factor | 67 | |
| Salusin-β | Parasympathomimetic proatherosclerotic peptide | 68 | |
| β-catenin | Caudal type homeobox 2 | Suppresses the transcriptional activity of the β-catenin-TCF complex and β-catenin nuclear localization | 69 |
| Huaier (TCM Trametes robiniophila Murr) | Reported to inhibit nuclear translocation of β-catenin and transcriptionally downregulate WNT/β-catenin target genes | 72 | |
| Mebendazole | Anthelmintic agent and selective inhibitor of TNIK | 73 | |
| NCB-0846 | Small-molecule TNIK inhibitor | 73 | |
| HI-B1 | Small molecule that directly interacts with β-catenin | 74 | |
| Polyphyllin I (component in the TCM herb Paris polyphylla Smith) | Reported to inhibit nuclear translocation of β-catenin and transcriptionally downregulate WNT/β-catenin target genes | 72 | |
| Pyrvinium | Anthelmintic drug | 75 | |
| Others | TFF1 | Trefoil factor 1 | 76 |
| CXCR4 | CXC chemokine receptor 4 | 77 | |
| FN1 | Fibronectin 1 | 78 | |
| SERPINA1 | Serpin family A member 1 | 79 | |
| Klotho | Co-receptor for FGF23 | 80 | |
| Vemurafenib | Monoclonal antibody against BRAFV600E | 8,10 |
Fzd/FZD, Frizzled; LRP5/6, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6; Dvl, disheveled; SDR, short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases; HUWE1, HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing 1; WWOX, WW domain-containing oxidoreductase; DACT1, dishevelled-binding antagonist of β-catenin; CK1, casein kinase 1; GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; TNIK, Traf2 and Nck-interacting protein kinase; TCF, T-cell factor.