Table 1.

Characteristics of the cohort

	All		White British		Pakistani		Other
	No anomaly	Anomaly	No anomaly	Anomaly	No anomaly	Anomaly	No anomaly	Anomaly
Ethnic origin	10 768 (93.9%)	706 (6.2%)	4288 (94.6%)	245 (5.4%)	4804 (92.8%)	371 (7.2%)	1653 (94.8%)	90 (5.2%)
Economic deprivation
Economically deprived	6147 (57.1%)	444 (62.9%)	2072 (48.3%)	116 (47.4%)	3315 (69.0%	280 (75.5%)	758 (45.9%)	48 (53.3%)
Not economically deprived	4166 (38.7%)	247 (35.0%)	2034 (47.4%)	122 (49.8%)	1340 (27.9)%	85 (22.9%)	792 (47.9%)	40 (44.4%)
Missing	455 (4.2%)	15 (2.1%)	182 (4.2%)	7 (2.9%)	149 (3.1%)	6 (1.6%)	103 (6.2%)	2 (2.2%)
Age of mother, years
20–34	8716 (80.9%)	554 (78.5%)	3231 (75.4%)	180 (73.5%)	4099 (85.3%)	312 (84.1%)	1366 (82.6%)	62 (68.9%)
<20	776 (7.2%)	51 (7.2%)	536 (12.5%)	29 (11.8%)	148 (3.1%)	15 (4.0%)	92 (5.6%)	7 (7.8%)
>34	1276 (11.9%)	101 (14.3%)	521 (12.2%)	36 (14.7%)	557 (11.6)	44 (11.9%)	195 (11.8%)	21 (23.3%)
Consanguinity
Non-consanguineous	7850 (72.9%)	424 (60.1%)	4284 (99.8%)	224 (99.6%)	2008 (41.8%)	102 (27.5%)	1538 (93.0%)	78 (86.7%)
First cousin	1834 (17.0%)	192 (27.2%)	1 (<1%)	1 (<1%)	1753 (36.5%)	183 (49.3%)	79 (4.8%)	8 (8.9%)
Second cousin	637 (5.9%)	55 (7.8%)	0	0	611 (12.7%)	51 (13.8%)	25 (1.5%)	4 (4.4%)
Other blood	447 (4.2%)	35 (5.0%)	3 (<1%)	0	432 (9.0%)	35 (9.4%)	11 (0.7%)	0
Maternal education
Lower education	2894 (26.9%)	217 (30.7%	1228 (28.6%)	74 (30.2%)	1374 (28.6%)	123 (33.2%)	286 (17.3%)	20 (22.2%)
Higher education	7617 (70.7%)	470 (66.6%)	3014 (70.3%)	167 (68.2%)	3357 (69.9%)	243 (65.5%)	1223 (74.6%)	60 (66.7%)
Healthcare use
Average number of primary care consultations per year	5.21	6.82	4.21	5.49	6.20	7.89	4.91	6.01
Average number of admissions per year	0.11	0.50	0.11	0.32	0.12	0.60	0.08	0.60