Table 1.
Baseline characteristics at index MI
| Patients with STEMI n=4657 |
Patients with NSTEMI n=19 822 |
Total of patients with MI n=24 479 |
Unknown (%) | |
| Follow-up time (years), median (IQR) | 3.3 (1.4–5.7) | 3.9 (1.5–7.1) | 3.7 (1.5–6.7) | 0 |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 65.7 (13.2) | 68.7 (13.2) | 68.1 (13.2) | 0 |
| Male sex | 3311 (71.1%) | 12 658 (63.9%) | 15 969 (65.2%) | 0 |
| Ethnicity | 4.8 | |||
| White | 3466 (76.4%) | 14 288 (76.1%) | 17 754 (76.2%) | |
| Asian | 83 (1.8%) | 327 (1.7%) | 410 (1.8%) | |
| Black | 20 (0.4%) | 63 (0.3%) | 83 (0.4%) | |
| Other | 968 (21.3%) | 4085 (21.7%) | 5053 (21.7%) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 70.0 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 22 (1.7%) | 120 (2.0%) | 142 (1.9%) | |
| Normal (18.5–25) | 335 (25.5%) | 1661 (27.4%) | 1996 (27.2%) | |
| Overweight (25–30) | 557 (43.0%) | 2431 (40.2%) | 2988 (40.7%) | |
| Obese (>30) | 381 (29.4%) | 1842 (30.4%) | 2223 (30.2%) | |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation Most deprived quintile |
892 (19.2%) | 3985 (20.2%) | 4877 (20%) | 0.4 |
| Risk factors before index MI | ||||
| Current smoker | 1235 (51.1%) | 3303 (39.5%) | 4538 (42.1%) | 55.9 |
| Excess alcohol consumption | 55 (9.0%) | 219 (8.1%) | 274 (8.3%) | 86.4 |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 358 (7.7%) | 2210 (11.1%) | 2568 (10.5%) | 0 |
| History of hypertension | 2117 (45.5%) | 10 141 (51.2%) | 12 258 (50.1%) | 0 |
| History of peripheral arterial disease | 236 (5.1%) | 1475 (7.4%) | 1711 (7%) | 0 |
| Previous revascularisation | ||||
| PCI | 700 (15.0%) | 2044 (10.3%) | 2744 (11.2%) | 0 |
| CABG | 126 (2.7%) | 843 (4.3%) | 969 (4.0%) | 0 |
| Previous TIA | 154 (3.3%) | 998 (5.0%) | 1152 (4.7%) | 0 |
| Previous stroke | 80 (1.7%) | 410 (2.1%) | 490 (2.0%) | 0 |
| History of diabetes | 538 (11.6%) | 2476 (12.6%) | 3014 (12.3%) | 0 |
| History of thyroid disease | 237 (5.1%) | 1374 (6.9%) | 1661 (6.6%) | 0 |
| History of COPD | 304 (6.5%) | 1634 (8.2%) | 1938 (7.9%) | 0 |
| History of non-metastatic cancer | 478 (10.3%) | 2282 (11.5%) | 2760 (11.3%) | 0 |
| Vital signs before admission, median (IQR) | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 140 (130–153) | 140 (130–154) | 140 (130–154) | 34.2 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 80 (74–88) | 80 (71–88) | 80 (72–88) | 34.2 |
| Biomarkers, median (IQR) | ||||
| Troponin I (maximum) | 18.4 (3.6–50.0) | 2.2 (0.3–10.0) | 3.88 (0.62–21.4) | 88.3 |
| Troponin T (maximum) | 1.8 (0.60–4.8) | 0.4 (0.14–1.1) | 0.65 (0.18–2) | 90.8 |
| CK (maximum) | 721 (222–1631) | 219 (97–648) | 331 (123–1068) | 79.8 |
| Biomarkers before index MI, mean (SD) | ||||
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 14.1 (1.72) | 13.6 (1.84) | 13.7 (1.83) | 67.1 |
| White cell count | 8.0 (2.94) | 7.9 (2.92) | 7.9 (2.92) | 69.1 |
| Neutrophil count | 5.0 (2.12) | 5.0 (2.40) | 5.0 (2.35) | 71.9 |
| Platelets | 270 (85.2) | 266 (88.0) | 267 (87.5) | 69.1 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | 19.5 (18.8) | 22.2 (21.6) | 21.8 (21.2) | 89.4 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 98.5 (39.1) | 102.5 (47.3) | 102 (46.0) | 58.7 |
| eGFR-CKD-EPI | 70.4 (19.9) | 66.2 (19.9) | 67.0 (20.0) | 60.4 |
| Random glucose concentration, mmol/L | 7.09 (3.53) | 7.26 (3.89) | 7.23 (3.82) | 76.5 |
| Total cholesterol | 5.39 (1.45) | 5.24 (1.28) | 5.27 (1.31) | 63.4 |
| LDL cholesterol | 3.24 (1.12) | 3.08 (1.10) | 3.11 (1.11) | 81.3 |
| Revascularisation characteristics | ||||
| Site of infarction Anterior |
393 (40.2%) | 255 (30.7%) | 648 (35.9%) | 92.6 |
| Primary PCI | 258 (19.3%) | 73 (3.2%) | 331 (9.2%) | 85.3 |
| Prehospital fibrinolysis | 324 (7.0%) | 94 (0.5%) | 418 (1.7%) | 0 |
| Median (IQR) delay from symptom to reperfusion (min) | 150 (98–280) | 160 (101–296) | 153 (99–285) | 88.3 |
| Prescribed medication before index MI | ||||
| Antiplatelet | 867 (18.6%) | 6979 (35.2%) | 7846 (32.1%) | 0 |
| Oral anticoagulant | 67 (1.4%) | 624 (3.1%) | 691 (2.8%) | 0 |
| Statin | 825 (17.7%) | 5297 (26.7%) | 6122 (25.0%) | 0 |
| ACE inhibitor | 676 (14.5%) | 4363 (22.0%) | 5039 (20.6%) | 0 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 220 (4.7%) | 1208 (6.1%) | 1428 (5.8%) | 0 |
| Beta-blocker | 766 (16.4%) | 5363 (27.1%) | 6129 (25.0%) | 0 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 804 (17.3%) | 4621 (23.3%) | 5425 (22.2%) | 0 |
| Loop diuretic | 255 (5.5%) | 2188 (11.0%) | 2443 (10.0%) | 0 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 24 (0.5%) | 198 (1.0%) | 222 (0.9%) | 0 |
| Digoxin | 53 (1.1%) | 515 (2.6%) | 568 (2.3%) | 0 |
Prehospital and inhospital fibrinolysis are not mutually exclusive.
CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CK, creatine kinase; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR-CKD-EPI, estimated glomerular filtration rate using CKD-EPI; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.