Table 5.

Prevalence* of non-chromosomal congenital anomaly subgroups by treatment of diabetes in the first trimester

	Human insulin only N=870	Insulin analogues only N=397	Human insulin and insulin analogue N=394
EUROCAT subgroups	n (per 1000)	n (per 1000)	n (per 1000)
Nervous system	11 (12.6)	2 (5.0)	2 (5.1)
Ear, face and neck	1 (1.1)	0	0
Congenital heart defects	35 (40.2)	3 (7.6)	14 (35.5)
Severe congenital heart defects	2 (2.3)	0	4 (10.2)
Transposition of great vessels	0	0	2 (5.1)
Single ventricle	1 (1.1)	0	0
Ventricular septal defect	20 (23.0)	1 (2.5)	9 (22.8)
Atrial septal defect	12 (13.8)	2 (5.0)	2 (5.1)
Tetralogy of Fallot	0	0	1 (2.5)
PDA as only congenital heart defects in term infants (GA +37 weeks)	1 (1.1)	0	1 (2.5)
Respiratory	1 (1.1)	1 (2.5)	1 (2.5)
Orofacial clefts	1 (1.1)	2 (5.0)	0
Digestive system	5 (5.7)	0	2 (5.1)
Urinary	10 (11.5)	3 (7.6)	1 (2.5)
Genital	3 (3.4)	2 (5.0)	2 (5.1)
Limb	9 (10.3)	4 (10.1)	1 (2.5)
Other anomalies/syndromes	4† (4.6)	0	1‡ (2.5)

*One fetus can be counted in more than one subgroup if it has multiple malformations, but only once in total.

†Including craniosynostosis (n=2), teratogenic syndromes with malformations (n=1), genetic syndromes+microdeletions (n=1).

‡Situs inversus (n=1).

GA, gestational age; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus.