Table 1.
Distribution of baseline characteristics according to eating speed
| Eating speed | P value | |||
| Fast (n=22 070) | Normal (n=33 455) | Slow (n=4192) | ||
| Women | 6023 (27.3%) | 12 213 (36.5%) | 1861 (44.4%) | <0.001* |
| Age | 46.6 (10.4) | 48.1 (10.6) | 46.5 (11.7) | <0.001† |
| Use of antidiabetic medications | 13 648 (61.8%) | 20 074 (60.0%) | 2525 (60.2%) | <0.001* |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.0 (4.4) | 23.4 (3.9) | 22.3 (4.0) | <0.001† |
| Obese (BMI ≥25) | 9884 (44.8%) | 9886 (29.6%) | 901 (21.5%) | <0.001* |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.8 (11.1) | 82.8 (10.4) | 80.1 (10.6) | <0.001† |
| Eating dinner within 2 hours before sleeping ≥3 times per week | 9546 (43.3%) | 11 161 (33.4%) | 1541 (36.8%) | <0.001* |
| Snacking after dinner ≥3 times per week | 4247 (19.2%) | 4851 (14.5%) | 809 (19.3%) | <0.001* |
| Skipping breakfast ≥3 times per week | 4599 (20.8%) | 5542 (16.6%) | 794 (18.9%) | <0.001* |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Every day | 5695 (25.8%) | 8810 (26.3%) | 955 (22.8%) | <0.001* |
| Occasionally | 7233 (32.8%) | 10 398 (31.1%) | 1152 (27.5%) | <0.001* |
| Rarely or never | 9142 (41.4%) | 14 247 (42.6%) | 2085 (49.7%) | <0.001* |
| Inadequate sleep | 11 236 (50.9%) | 15 018 (44.9%) | 1954 (46.6%) | <0.001* |
| Habitual smoker | 7140 (32.4%) | 10 240 (30.6%) | 1146 (27.3%) | <0.001* |
Values for number of check-ups, age and BMI are presented as mean (SD). All other values are presented as number of subjects (proportion of each eating-speed group).
*χ2 test.
†One-way analysis of variance.
BMI, body mass index.