Table 3.
Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Relation to Quartile of Dietary Carbohydrate Intake Among Women in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, United States, 1993–2001
| Carbohydrate and Quartile of Intake | No. of Controls | No. of Cases | Age- and Energy-adjusted |
Multivariable-adjusteda |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |||
| Total available carbohydrate, g/1,000 kcal/day | ||||||
| Q1 (<109.1) | 8,921 | 108 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Q2 (109.1–<122.6) | 8,919 | 110 | 1.00 | 0.77, 1.31 | 1.00 | 0.77, 1.31 |
| Q3 (122.6–<136.1) | 8,930 | 99 | 0.90 | 0.68, 1.18 | 0.91 | 0.69, 1.19 |
| Q4 (≥136.1) | 8,959 | 69 | 0.62 | 0.46, 0.85 | 0.66 | 0.49, 0.90 |
| P for trendb | 0.002 | 0.01 | ||||
| Continuous measurec | 35,729 | 386 | 0.80 | 0.70, 0.91 | 0.82 | 0.72, 0.93 |
| Glycemic index, units/day | ||||||
| Q1 (<51.1) | 8,940 | 89 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Q2 (51.1–<53.3) | 8,911 | 118 | 1.31 | 0.99, 1.72 | 1.29 | 0.98, 1.70 |
| Q3 (53.3–<55.4) | 8,939 | 90 | 0.99 | 0.74, 1.33 | 0.97 | 0.72, 1.30 |
| Q4 (≥55.4) | 8,939 | 89 | 0.98 | 0.73, 1.31 | 0.94 | 0.70, 1.26 |
| P for trend | 0.49 | 0.34 | ||||
| Continuous measure | 35,729 | 386 | 0.95 | 0.86, 1.05 | 0.94 | 0.85, 1.04 |
| Glycemic load, units/1,000 kcal/day | ||||||
| Q1 (<57.8) | 8,911 | 118 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Q2 (57.8–<65.2) | 8,929 | 100 | 0.83 | 0.64, 1.09 | 0.82 | 0.63, 1.07 |
| Q3 (65.2–<72.6) | 8,934 | 95 | 0.79 | 0.60, 1.03 | 0.78 | 0.59, 1.02 |
| Q4 (≥72.6) | 8,955 | 73 | 0.60 | 0.44, 0.81 | 0.63 | 0.46, 0.84 |
| P for trend | 0.001 | 0.002 | ||||
| Continuous measure | 35,729 | 386 | 0.80 | 0.71, 0.91 | 0.81 | 0.72, 0.92 |
| Starches, g/1,000 kcal/day | ||||||
| Q1 (<39.7) | 8,928 | 100 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Q2 (39.7–<46.6) | 8,934 | 95 | 0.94 | 0.71, 1.24 | 0.92 | 0.69, 1.22 |
| Q3 (46.6–<53.7) | 8,932 | 97 | 0.95 | 0.72, 1.25 | 0.92 | 0.69, 1.21 |
| Q4 (≥53.7) | 8,935 | 94 | 0.91 | 0.68, 1.20 | 0.90 | 0.67, 1.19 |
| P for trend | 0.53 | 0.46 | ||||
| Continuous measure | 35,729 | 386 | 0.99 | 0.87, 1.11 | 0.99 | 0.87, 1.12 |
| Total sugars, g/1,000 kcal/day | ||||||
| Q1 (<61.2) | 8,924 | 105 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Q2 (61.2–<73.9) | 8,918 | 110 | 1.04 | 0.80, 1.36 | 1.07 | 0.82, 1.40 |
| Q3 (73.9–<87.8) | 8,929 | 101 | 0.95 | 0.72, 1.25 | 0.98 | 0.75, 1.29 |
| Q4 (≥87.8) | 8,958 | 70 | 0.67 | 0.49, 0.90 | 0.71 | 0.52, 0.96 |
| P for trend | 0.007 | 0.02 | ||||
| Continuous measure | 35,729 | 386 | 0.79 | 0.69, 0.91 | 0.81 | 0.71, 0.93 |
| Fiber, g/1,000 kcal/day | ||||||
| Q1 (<8.8) | 8,938 | 91 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Q2 (8.8–<10.9) | 8,926 | 103 | 1.12 | 0.85, 1.49 | 1.12 | 0.84, 1.49 |
| Q3 (10.9–<13.3) | 8,936 | 93 | 1.02 | 0.76, 1.36 | 1.03 | 0.77, 1.36 |
| Q4 (≥13.3) | 8,929 | 99 | 1.08 | 0.81, 1.44 | 1.13 | 0.85, 1.51 |
| P for trend | 0.76 | 0.53 | ||||
| Continuous measure | 35,729 | 386 | 0.99 | 0.87, 1.14 | 1.02 | 0.89, 1.17 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; Q, quartile.
a Adjusted for age at completion of the Diet History Questionnaire (years), body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2; <18.5, 18.5–<25, 25–<30, or ≥30), age at menarche (<12, 12–13, or ≥14 years), age at menopause (<50 years vs. ≥50 years), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Asian, or other), oral contraceptive use (ever/never), and energy intake (calculated by the nutrient density method, except for glycemic index, and including log kcal/day in the model).
b P values for trend were estimated by assigning the median intake value for the quartile to each person and including this as a continuous variable in the model.
c Continuous intakes were calculated by dividing the energy-adjusted intake (except glycemic index) by the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles.