Table 2.
Effects of Keigairengyoto-related flavonoids on macrophage phagocytosis.
| Experiment No. | IFN-γ | Test Sample | Concentration (μmol/L) | Phagocytosis MFI (Relative Change #) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exp. 1 | − | No IFN-γ | - | 144 ± 6 |
| + | Control | - | 155 ± 4 | |
| + | apigenin | 10 | 507 ± 11 ** (3.3) | |
| + | baicalein | 10 | 530 ± 6 ** (3.4) | |
| + | genistein | 10 | 525 ± 22 ** (3.4) | |
| + | hesperetin | 10 | 193 ± 12 (1.2) | |
| + | liquiritigenin | 10 | 245 ± 4 ** (1.6) | |
| + | luteolin | 10 | 408 ± 22 ** (2.6) | |
| + | naringenin | 10 | 236 ± 10 ** (1.5) | |
| + | wogonin | 10 | 271 ± 16 ** (1.7) | |
| Exp. 2 | − | No IFN-γ | - | 162 ± 1 |
| + | Control | - | 226 ± 12 | |
| + | baicalein | 1 | 223 ± 10 (1.0) | |
| + | baicalein | 3 | 445 ± 7 ** (2.0) | |
| + | baicalein | 10 | 866 ± 25 ** (3.8) | |
| + | baicalin | 1 | 238 ± 9 (1.1) | |
| + | baicalin | 3 | 269 ± 10 (1.2) | |
| + | baicalin | 10 | 531 ± 19 ** (2.4) |
Mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were seeded in 96-well culture plates at 5 × 103 cells/well and cultured with test flavonoids (concentration in Exp. 1: 10 μmol/L; concentrations in Exp. 2: 1, 3, and 10 μmol/L) in the presence or absence of a suboptimal dose of mouse interferon-γ (IFN-γ, 0.5 ng/mL). The culture fluids were removed after 3 days and replaced with fresh medium containing FITC-conjugated S. aureus (30 μg/mL), followed by an additional incubation for 0.5 h. Cells were harvested, and FITC-positive cells measured by FACSaria II. The screening assay Exp. 1 and concentration-dependent assay Exp. 2 were conducted three times, respectively. The representative results are shown as mean ± SEM of triplicates. MFI: mean fluorescence intensity. **: p < 0.01 vs. IFN-γ alone control (Dunnett’s test). #: relative change versus control.