Table 1.
The function of typical lignin biosynthesis-related genes reported in the last 5 years.
| Genes | Plant Species | Functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4CL | Oryza sativa (OsAAE3) | Decreased lignin accumulation and increased sensitivity to rice blast | [37] |
| CCR | Paspalum dilatatum (PdCCR1) | Increased lignin content and altered lignin deposition | [26] |
| CAD | Populus trichocarpa (PtrCAD1) | Modified lignin content and structure | [25] |
| MOMT | Arabidopsis thaliana (MOMT4) | Depressed lignin biosynthesis and increased saccharification yields | [30] |
| COMT | Sorghum bicolor (SbCOMT) | Methylate the tricin precursors and participated in S lignin biosynthesis | [36] |
| CSE | Populus tremula × P. alba (PtxaCSE1/2) | Participated in lignin biosynthesis and affected saccharification | [35] |
| CCoAOMT | Zea mays (ZmCCoAOMT2) | Participated in lignin biosynthesis and resistance to multiple pathogens | [38] |
| HCT | Populus nigra (HCT1) | Modified H lignin disposition | [28] |
| F5H | Oryza sativa (OsCAld5H1) | Increased the content of S units, decreased G lignin | [31] |
| POD | Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPrx72) | Participated in lignin biosynthesis, growth and development of plant | [39] |
| LAC | Arabidopsis thaliana (LAC11) | Participated in lignin biosynthesis and the development of root, anthers and vascular | [40] |
| ABC | Arabidopsis thaliana (AtABCG29) | Participated in p-coumaryl alcohol transport | [2] |
| MYB | Betula platyphylla (BplMYB46) | Increased salt/osmotic stress tolerance and enhanced lignin deposition | [41] |
| MADS | Betula platyphylla (BpMADS12) | Participated in lignin biosynthesis and regulation of brassinosteroid signaling pathway | [42] |
| HSF | Eriobotrya japonica (EjHSF3) | Participated in fruit lignification | [43] |
| SOD | Potentilla atrosanguinea (SOD) | Enhanced lignin accumulation and stress tolerance of Arabidopsis | [44] |
| APX | Rheum australe (APX) | Enhanced lignin accumulation and stress tolerance of Arabidopsis | [44] |
| DIR | Gossypium hirsutum (GhDIR1) | Promoted the degree of lignification and enhanced Verticillium dahliae resistance | [45] |
| CHS | Zea mays (CHS C2) | Increased lignin content of maize | [11] |
4CL, 4-coumarate: CoA ligase; CCR, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; MOMT: monolignol 4-O-methyltransferase; COMT, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase; CSE, caffeoyl shikimate esterase; CCoAOMT, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase; HCT, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/Quinatehydroxycinnamoyltransferase; F5H, ferulate 5-hydroxylase; POD, peroxidase; LAC, laccase; ABC, ATP-binding cassette transporter; MYB, v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog; MADS, MADS-box; HSF, heat shock factors; SOD, superoxide dismutase; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; DIR, dirigent-like; CHS, chalcone synthase.