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Effect of functionalized MWCNT on THP-1 macrophage-like cells in an in vitro 24 h culture. (A) Cell toxicity determined by LDH activity in cell media. Data expressed as mean LDH percent ± SEM compared to 100% cell death. (B) Cell toxicity determined by MTS assay. Data expressed as mean ± SEM viability relative to control cultures (0 μg/mL). (C) IL-1β release expressed as mean ± SEM pg/mL. Asterisks *** indicate p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, or * p < 0.05 compared to 0 μg/mL concentration.
