Table 1.
Preclinical studies using BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs in the osteoporosis treatment in animal models.
| Cell Type | Treatment Method | Therapeutic Outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| BM-MSCs | Local transplantation of autologous BM-MSCs | Increased trabecular thickness, improved microstructures with newly formed osteoids, and enhanced trabecular thickness and stiffness of bone. | [125] |
| BM-MSCs | Local injection of the normal allogeneic BM-MSCs | Increased trabecular bone, attenuated the loss of BMD, improved the femur bone mass and prevented osteoporosis. | [126,127] |
| BM-MSCs | Systemic injection of allogeneic BM-MSCs | Promoted osteoblastogenesis, maintained bone formation, and prevented the reduction of bone mass and strength in osteoporotic mouse model. Increased bone formation and sustained microarchitectural competence in a mouse model of age-related osteoporosis. | [128,129] |
| AD-MSCs | Systemic injection of allogeneic AD-MSCs | Prevented OVX-induced bone loss. | [132] |
| AD-MSCs | Local injection of autologous AD-MSCs | Improved trabecular bone quality and induced a significant increase in several molecular markers of bone turnover. Promoted osteogenesis, inhibited adipogenesis, and increased bone mineral density and new bone formation. | [133,134] |
BM-MSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; BMD: bone mineral density; AD-MSCs: adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells; OVX: ovariectomy.