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. 2018 Jan 29;19(2):393. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020393

Figure 4.

Figure 4

WSPIS induced the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in THP-1 cells. (A) Effect of WSPIS on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cells were treated with 500 μg/mL WSPIS for 1, 3, and 6 h. Intracellular ROS was analyzed using flow cytometry after DCF-DA staining. (B) Effect of WSPIS on loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Cells were treated with WSPIS (500 μg/mL) and harvested at the indicated times. The MMP was analyzed using flow cytometry after rhodamine 123 staining. (C,D) Analysis of the cleaved products of caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Cells were treated with WSPIS (0, 250, and 500 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h, and the cleaved products of caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP were detected by Western blotting. Data are representative of three independent experiments.