Table 2.
Studies conducted on CH and PEO reporting the orientation, mechanical properties, fibre diameters and aiming at clinical tissue engineering (TE) applications.
| Application | Solution (Ratio, %) | Fibre Diameter | Young’s Modulus | Orientation | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wound dressing | CH:PEO: 0.5 M ACa Triton X or DMSO, 60/40 90/10 |
few micron down to 40 nm | N/A | Aligned/random | Bhattarai et al. [127] |
| 4–6 wt.% CH:PEO (2:1, 1:1) | 80 to 180 nm | N/A | Random | Duan et al. [26] | |
| HA/CH (30:70, w/w) 3 wt.% ACa:DMSO 10:1, 15 wt.% Col, 15 wt.% PEO | 190 to 230 nm | N/A | Random | Xie et al. [142] (Figure 7) | |
| 7 wt.% CH: TFA: nHA (0.8%, 1%, 2%) |
227 nm ± 154 nm 335 nm ± 119 nm (after CRX Genipin) |
142 Mpa ± 13 MPa | Random | Frohbergh et al. [143] (Figure 8) | |
| CH:PEO (3 wt.% ACa, DMSO, 10:1) UHMWPEO, 5%, 10%, 20%) |
114 nm ± 19 nm 138 nm ± 15 nm 102 nm ± 1 nm |
N/A | Aligned, Random | Zhang et al. [126] | |
| Skin TE | CH grafted PCL, 25 wt.% PCL (DMF, CLF) | 423 to 575 nm | N/A | Random | Chen et al. [144] |
| CH/PCL/GEL | 890 nm ± 364 nm | N/A | Random | Gomes et al. [145] | |
| CH/PEO/Henna extract (3/4 wt.%) | 89 to 64 nm | Random | Yousefi et al. [146] | ||
| Nerve TE | 5 wt.% CH: TFA, 10 wt.% PCL (40:60, CH:PCL) | 175.82 55.95 (A) 215.79 nm ± 44.2 nm |
51.54 MPa (A) 8.85 MPA (R) |
Aligned/Random | Cooper et al. [147] |
| CH:PEO, 4 wt.% in 50 wt.% ACa (50:50, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10) | 60–120 nm | N/A | Random | Pakarwan et al. [41] | |
| CH:PEO, 1.6% (50 to 90% ACa) | 10–240 nm | N/a | Random | Kriegel et al. [133,148] | |
| CH:PEO, 90% ACa | 80 nm ± 35 nm | N/A | Random | Desai et al. [149] | |
| Ag: 5 wt.% CH:PEO 2 wt.% ACa |
100 nm (Ag:CH:PEO) 5 nm (CH:PEO) |
(YM) 59.2 ± 22.9 (CH:PEO) 322 ± 36.2 (CH:PEO:Ag) |
Random | An et al. [150] | |
| Cartilage tissue regeneration | 10 mL of 1% CH sol with x mL 5% PEO | NA | 2.25 MPa (YM) | Aligned | Subramanian et al. [139] |
| CH (PEO):PCL: HAp (15 wt.%) |
200 nm | 215 MPa (YM) | Aligned & Random | Wu et al. [151] | |
| Periodontal tissue regeneration | CH:PEO (95:5) | 410 nm (A) 288 nm (R) |
(YM) 357 ± 136 (A) 259 ± 192 (R) |
Random & Aligned | Qasim et al. [3] |
(N/A) Not applicable, (TE) Tissue engineering, (YM) Young’s Modulus, (A) Aligned, (R) Random, (CRX) Cross-linking.