ABTS	2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
AKT	protein kinase B
α-MSH	α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
COA	p-coumaric acid
COAE	p-coumaric acid equivalent
CREB	cAMP response element-binding protein
DCFH-DA	dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate
DHICA	5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid
DMSO	dimethyl sulfoxide
DOPA	3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
DPPH	2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
EtOAc	ethyl acetate
EtOH	ethanol
GSK-3	glycogen synthase kinase 3
HPLC	high-performance liquid chromatography
IC50	inhibitory concentration 50
LC–Q–TOF–MS	liquid chromatography–quadropole–time of flight-mass spectrometry
MAPKs	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MC1R	melanocortin 1 receptor
MeOH	methanol
MITF	microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
MS	mass spectrometry
MTT	3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
ORAC	oxygen radical absorbance capacity
p-CREB	phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein
p-PKA	phosphorylation of protein kinase A
PKA	protein kinase A
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
PN3	ethylacetate fraction of 80% ethanol extracts from the leaves of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis
Q	quercetin
QE	quercetin equivalent
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RT	retention time; bromide
RT-PCR	reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
SOD	superoxide dismutase
TE	trolox equivalent
TRP-1	Tyrosinase-related protein 1
TRP-2	Tyrosinase-related protein 2
TYR	Tyrosinase