Table 1.

Galectin-1, -3, -9 and their binding partners in the regulation of immune responses and tumor biology.

	Ligand	Targeted Cells	Biological Function	Refs.
Galectin-1	CD2, CD3, CD7, CD43 and CD45	T cells	Apoptosis	[21,22]
	TCR	T cells	Signal transduction	[23]
	Neuropilin 1	Endothelial cells	Cell migration	[24]
	Pre-BCR	Pre-B cells	Signal transduction Cell maturation	[25,26]
	α4 integrins	Pre-B cells	Signal transduction Cell maturation	[25,26]
	H-Ras	Endometrial cancer cells	Membrane anchorage Cell transformation	[27]
	α5β1- integrins	Epithelial cancer cells	Epithelial integrity	[28]
Galectin-3	CD7, CD29, CD45, CD71	T cells	Apoptosis	[29,30]
	TCR	T cells	Signal transduction	[31]
	Alix	T cells	Signal transduction	[32]
	MUC1	Epithelial cancer cells	Signal transduction	[13]
	K-Ras	Breast carcinoma cells	Enhanced K-Ras stability	[33]
	TTF-1	Thyroid cancer cells	Tumor progression	[34]
	Mac-2BP	Melanoma cells	Cell-cell adhesion	[35]
Galectin-9	Dectin-1	Macrophages	Tolerogenic macrophage programming and adaptive immune suppression	[36]
	TIM-3	Dendritic cells, monocytes	Maturation and cytokine production	[37,38]
	TIM-3	T cells	Apoptosis	[39]
	4-1BB	T cells	Signal transduction	[40]
	CD40	T cells	Inducing cell death and suppressing proliferation	[41]