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. 2018 Feb 12;19(2):551. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020551

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effects of CA on MPP⁺-induced cell death. (A) The chemical structure of CA; (B) BE(2)-M17 cells were incubated with the indicated concentration of CA for 48 h. The data are expressed as the means ± standard deviation (S.D.) of three independent experiments; (C) 0.5 mM MPP⁺ was added to cells with 10 μM of CA for 48 h. Photos of cells were taken as indicated; (D) The live cell number was counted, and the data are expressed as the means ± S.D. of three independent experiments. *** p < 0.001 versus control; ^# p < 0.05 versus MPP⁺-treated cells.