Figure 1.

B-cell differentiation subsets in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (pAPS), patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and healthy controls (HC). Percentages of different B-cell subsets: transitional-immature (CD19⁺CD5⁺CD10⁺ CD27⁻IgD⁺⁺ CD24^hi CD38^hi), naïve (CD19⁺ CD5^+/− CD10⁻ CD27⁻IgD⁺ CD24^int CD38^low/⁻), non-switched memory (CD19⁺ CD27⁺ IgD⁺ CD38⁻ IgM⁺), double-negative (CD19⁺ CD27⁻IgD⁻ CD24⁻ CD38^−/+ IgM⁻), switched memory (CD19⁺ CD27⁺IgD⁻ CD38⁺IgM^+/−), and plasma cells(CD19^lo CD27^hiIgD⁻ CD38^hi CD138^−/+) in HC and in patients with pAPS or SLE. CD19⁺ cells were gated for analysis. Box plots show the median and interquartile range. Differences were significant when p value <0.05 by Mann–Whitney U test. HC: healthy controls; pAPS: primary antiphospholipid syndrome; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus.