Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and medical history by stress level among consultant physicians in Saudi Arabia (n=582)
| Characteristics | Total | Low (PSS≤15) | Medium (PSS=16–19) | High (PSS≥20) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 582 (100.0%) | 197 (33.8%) | 188 (32.3%) | 197 (33.8%) | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 414 (71.1%) | 159 (38.4%) | 139 (33.6%) | 116 (28.0%) | <0.001 |
| Female | 168 (28.9%) | 38 (22.6%) | 49 (29.2%) | 81 (48.2%) | |
| Age (years) | 46.9±7.9 | 48.3±7.6 | 47.1±8.1 | 45.4±7.8 | 0.001 |
| Nationality | |||||
| Saudi | 326 (56.0%) | 91 (27.9%) | 104 (31.9%) | 131 (40.2%) | <0.001 |
| Non-Saudi | 256 (44.0%) | 106 (41.4%) | 84 (32.8%) | 66 (25.8%) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 23 (4.0%) | 5 (21.7%) | 11 (47.8%) | 7 (30.4%) | 0.191 |
| Married | 540 (92.8%) | 188 (34.8%) | 166 (30.7%) | 186 (34.4%) | |
| Other | 19 (3.3%) | 4 (21.1%) | 11 (57.9%) | 4 (21.1%) | |
| Children | |||||
| No | 50 (8.6%) | 14 (28.0%) | 15 (30.0%) | 21 (42.0%) | 0.424 |
| Yes | 532 (91.4%) | 183 (34.4%) | 173 (32.5%) | 176 (33.1%) | |
| Number of children | |||||
| 1–2 | 123 (23.2%) | 50 (40.7%) | 33 (26.8%) | 40 (32.5%) | 0.051 |
| 3–4 | 264 (49.8%) | 92 (34.8%) | 79 (29.9%) | 93 (35.2%) | |
| ≥5 | 143 (27.0%) | 41 (28.7%) | 60 (42.0%) | 42 (29.4%) | |
| Smoking | |||||
| No | 494 (84.9%) | 170 (34.4%) | 163 (33.0%) | 161 (32.6%) | 0.313 |
| Yes | 88 (15.1%) | 27 (30.7%) | 25 (28.4%) | 36 (40.9%) | |
| Sleeping hours per day | 6.0±1.0 | 6.1±1.0 | 5.9±1.1 | 5.9±1.0 | 0.060 |
| Chronic medical illness | |||||
| No | 492 (84.5%) | 170 (34.6%) | 159 (32.3%) | 163 (33.1%) | 0.621 |
| Yes | 90 (15.5%) | 27 (30.0%) | 29 (32.2%) | 34 (37.8%) | |
| Chronic medical illness | |||||
| Hypertension | 36 (6.2%) | 12 (33.3%) | 8 (22.2%) | 16 (44.4%) | 0.289 |
| Diabetes | 29 (5.0%) | 8 (27.6%) | 14 (48.3%) | 7 (24.1%) | 0.164 |
| Heart disease | 13 (2.2%) | 2 (15.4%) | 7 (53.8%) | 4 (30.8%) | 0.194 |
| Vertebral disc disease | 9 (1.5%) | 2 (22.2%) | 3 (33.3%) | 4 (44.4%) | 0.778 |
| Thyroid | 5 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (20.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | 0.090 |
| Other | 23 (4.0%) | 5 (21.7%) | 10 (43.5%) | 8 (34.8%) | 0.347 |
| Psychiatric illness | |||||
| No | 549 (94.7%) | 191 (34.8%) | 177 (32.2%) | 181 (33.0%) | 0.127 |
| Yes | 31 (5.3%) | 6 (19.4%) | 10 (32.3%) | 15 (48.4%) | |
| Psychiatric illness | |||||
| Depression | 22 (3.8%) | 5 (22.7%) | 6 (27.3%) | 11 (50.0%) | 0.246 |
| Anxiety | 8 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | 0.117 |
| Other | 2 (0.3%) | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.770 |
| Received psychological help | |||||
| No | 537 (92.3%) | 186 (34.6%) | 175 (32.6%) | 176 (32.8%) | 0.148 |
| Yes | 45 (7.7%) | 11 (24.4%) | 13 (28.9%) | 21 (46.7%) |
Note: Data shown as mean ± standard deviation and number (percentage).
Abbreviation: PSS, perceived stress scale.