Table 1. Study characteristics of the included articles.
| Physiotherapeutic exercise intervention | Control intervention | Resultsf | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author (year, location) | Study groups (n) | Age (years)a | Women (n (%)) | Type | Settingb (supervisionc) | Duration (frequencyd) | Intensitye | Start and follow-upd | Description | Frequencyd | Intensitye | Joint & muscle function | Functional performance | Self-reported outcomes |
| Husby (2009, Norway) | IG: 12; CG: 12 | IG: 58 ± 5; CG: 56 ± 8 | 15 (63) | Strengthening (+ control intervention) | I; L (Y) | 4w (5x pw) | 4 series of 5RM | 1w; 5w | Usual care | 5x pw | 1h | ↑ / = | N/A | = |
| Husby (2010, Norway) | IG: 12; CG: 12 | IG: 58 ± 5; CG: 56 ± 8 | 15 (63) | Strengthening (+ control intervention) | I; L (Y) | 4w (5x pw) | 4 series of 5RM | 1w; 12m | Usual care | 5x pw | 1h | ↑ / = | N/A | = |
| Mikkelsen (2012, Denmark) | IG: 23; CG: 21 | 67.3 ± 7 | 16 (36) | Strengthening | O; L (N) | 12w (7x pw, 2x day) | 1x10 reps | 1d; 12w | Usual care | 7x pw, 2x day | 1x10 reps | = | = | = |
| Mikkelsen (2014, Denmark) | IG: 32; CG: 30 | IG: 64.8 ± 8; CG: 65.1 ± 10 | 26 (42) | Strengthening | O; L (P) | 10w (2x pw; 5x pw home-based exercise) | 30–40 min | <1w; 10w-12m | Usual care | 7x pw, 2x day | 1x10 reps | = | ↑ / = | = |
| Nankaku (2016, Japan) | IG: 14; CG: 14 | IG: 60.5 ± 6.4; CG: 60.8 ± 7.5 | 24 (86) | Strengthening (+ control intervention) | I; L (Y) | 4w (5x pw) | 3x8-12 reps | NR; 4w | Usual care | NR | NR | ↑ / = | ↑ | ↑ |
| Okoro (2016, UK) | IG: 25; CG: 24 | IG: 65.2 ± 9.1; CG: 66.3 ± 11.0 | 25 (51) | Strengthening | O; L (P) | 6w (5x pw) | Range of reps | 4-7d; 9-12m | Usual care | NR | NR | = | = / ↓ | N/A |
| Suetta (2004, Denmark)g | IG: 13; CG: 12 | IG: 69 (range: 60–86); CG: 68 (range: 62–78) | 19 (53) | Strengthening (+ control intervention) | O; L (Y) | 12w (3x pw) | Progressively increased from 20RM to 8RM | ±7d; 12w | Usual care | 7x pw, 2x day | 1h | ↑ | ↑ / = | N/A |
| Maire (2004, France) | IG: 7; CG: 7 | 75.1 ± 4.8 | 12 (86) | Aerobic (+ control intervention) | I; L (NR) | 6w (3x pw) | 30 min | 1w; 2m | Usual care | 7x pw | 2h | N/A | N/A | = |
| Maire (2006, France) | IG: 7; CG: 7 | 75.1 ± 4.8 | 12 (86) | Aerobic (+ control intervention) | I; L (NR) | 6w (3x pw) | 30 min | 1w; 12m | Usual care | 7x pw | 2h | N/A | N/A | ↑ |
| Beaupre (2014, Canada) | IG: 11; CG: 10 | 53.4 ± 9.3 | 10 (48) | Functional | O; L/W (NR) | 3m (2x pw) | 2.5h | 6w; 12m | Usual care | NR | NR | = | = | = |
| Galea (2008, Australia) | IG: 11; CG: 12 | IG: 68.6 ± 9.7; CG: 66.6 ± 7.9 | 16 (70) | Functional | I; L (Y) | 8w (2x pw) | 45 min | 8w; 16w | Unsupervised home-based exercise | NR | NR | N/A | = | = |
| Giaquinto (2010, Italy) | IG: 31; CG: 39 | IG: 70.1 ± 8.5; CG: 70.6 ± 8.4 | IG: 21 (68); CG: 26 (67) | Functional | I; W (NR) | 3w (6x pw) | 40 min | <10d; 6m | Land-based therapy | 6x pw | 40 min | N/A | N/A | ↑ |
| Heiberg (2012, Norway) | IG: 35; CG: 33 | 66 (95% CI: 64, 67) | 35 (51) | Functional | O; L (Y) | 6w (2x pw) | 70 min | 3m; 12m | No supervised physiotherapy | NR | NR | = | ↑ / = | = |
| Heiberg (2016, Norway) | IG: 30; CG: 30 | 70 (95% CI: 68, 72) | 34 (57) | Functional | O; L (Y) | 6w (2x pw) | 70 min | 3m; 5y | No supervised physiotherapy | NR | NR | = | = | = |
| Johnsson (1988, Sweden) | IG: 14; CG: 16 | IG: 70 (range: 58–67); CG: 66 (range: 50–74) | 13 (43) | Functional | O; L (NR) | 2-3m (0,5-2x pw) | 45 min | 2m; 6m | No organized physiotherapy | NR | NR | = | = | = |
| Monaghan (2016, Ireland) | IG: 32; CG: 31 | IG: 68 ± 8; CG: 69 ± 9 | 20 (32) | Functional (+ control intervention) | O; L (Y) | 6w (2x pw) | 35 min | 12w; 18w | Usual care | NR | NR | = | ↑ | ↑/ = |
| Umpierres (2014, Brazil) | IG: 54; CG: 52 | 61.4 ± 15.0 | 57 (54) | Functional | I/O; L (P) | 2w (NR) | NR | 1d; 15d | No supervised physiotherapy | NR | NR | ↑ / = | N/A | = |
| Bodén (2004, Sweden) | IG: 10; CG: 10 | IG: 54 (range: 44–59); CG: 55 (range: 44–63) | 11 (55) | Functional and early full weight-bearing | O; L (N) | NR | NR | NR; 24m | Partial weight-bearing and home-based exercise | NR | NR | N/A | N/A | = |
| Monticone (2014, Italy) | IG: 50; CG: 50 | 69 ± 8 | 60 (60) | Functional and early full weight-bearing | I; L (Y) | 3w (5x pw) | 90 min | 4-7d; 12m | Partial weight-bearing and center-based exercise | 5x pw | 90 min | N/A | N/A | ↑ |
| Ström (2006, Sweden) | IG: 17; CG: 19 | 54.4 (range: 26–63) | 19 (53) | Functional and early full weight-bearing | O; L/W (Y) | 3m (NR) | NR | NR; 12m | Partial weight-bearing and a self-training program | NR | NR | = | N/A | N/A |
CG: control group; CI: confidence interval; IG: intervention group; NR: not reported.
a Age is shown as mean +/- SD, unless stated otherwise.
b Intervention: inpatient (I) or outpatient (O); land-based (L) or water-based (W).
c Whether the intervention was supervised: yes (Y), no (N) or partially (P).
d Shown as time since total hip arthroplasty: days (d), weeks (w), months (m) or years (y); pw: per week.
e Minutes (min); hours (h); repetition maximum (RM); repetitions (reps).
f Effect of the intervention: ↑ significant difference in favor of IG; = no significant difference between IG and CG; ↓ significant difference in favor of CG; N/A: not applicable as the article did not include this category of outcome measures.
g In this study a second intervention group was included that received neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in addition to the standard rehabilitation program (n = 11). However, the characteristics and results of this intervention group are not presented, since NMES was defined as an exclusion criterion for this systematic review.