Table 2. Characteristics of FM and MPIC according to the presence or non-presence of MS.
| FM | MPIC | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| no MS | MS | P | no MS | MS | P | |
| (n = 209) | (n = 29) | (n = 2171) | (n = 471) | |||
| Personal characteristics, mean ± SD | ||||||
| Age in year | 31.8(6.0) | 33.4(6.7) | .188 | 32.1(5.6) | 34.9(5.8) | < .001 |
| Height (cm) | 180.6(6.2) | 180.9(5.5) | .860 | 181.2(7.0) | 181.9(6.7) | .052 |
| Total testicular volume (ml) | 48.1(9.6) | 47.1(8.0) | .581 | 45.3(8.8) | 47.8(10.7) | < .001 |
| Abstinent time (day) | 3.8(1.5) | 3.8(1.7) | .844 | 3.8(1.6) | 3.9(1.8) | .221 |
| Anthropometric and MS characteristics, mean ± SD | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0(3.2) | 31.4(3.7) | < .001χ2 | 25.6(3.8) | 31.1(4.6) | < .001 χ2 |
| <25 n (%) | 118(56.5) | 1(3.4) | 1015(46.8) | 32(6.8) | ||
| ≥25<30 n (%) | 75(35.9) | 8(27.6) | 902(41.5) | 167(35.5) | ||
| ≥30 n (%) | 16(7.7) | 20(69.0) | 254(11.7) | 272(57.7) | ||
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.493(0.048) | 0.582(0.045) | < .001 | 0.506(0.058) | 0.589(0.066) | < .001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89.1(8.2) | 105.3(7.9) | < .001 | 91.6(10.6) | 107.2(12.1) | < .001 |
| Blood pressure (mm/Hg) | ||||||
| Systolic BP | 132.0(16.2) | 141.6(16.7) | .004 | 132.0(16.3) | 144.0(15.9) | < .001 |
| Diastolic BP | 78.4(9.5) | 90.0(13.1) | < .001 | 79.9(10.0) | 90.3(10.7) | < .001 |
| HDLcholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4(0.3) | 1.0(0.3) | < .001 | 1.4(0.3) | 1.1(0.3) | < .001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.2(0.6) | 2.6(1.1) | < .001 | 1.2(0.7) | 3.0(3.1) | < .001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) ()l(L%vated BP (BP ≥130/85 mmHg or therapy) Central obesity (waist circumference >102 cm) Reduced HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL) or therapy Elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL) or therapy Elevated fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL) | 5.0(0.6) | 5.1(0.5) | .251 | 5.1(0.7) | 5.7(1.6) | < .001 |
| Fasting insulin (mU/L) | 6.6(5.2) | 11.9(7.4) | < .001 | |||
| Health and lifestyle characteristics, n (%) | ||||||
| Testicular disordersa | 35(16.7) | 6(20.7) | .598 χ2 | 416(19.2) | 82(17.4) | .378 χ2 |
| Leukocytospermia | 11(5.3) | 2(6.9) | .717 χ2 | 187(8.6) | 51(10.8) | .128 χ2 |
| Smoking statusb | .060 χ2 | < .001 χ2 | ||||
| Never smoker | 90(44.8) | 6(22.2) | 373(23.5) | 54(14.8) | ||
| Former smoker | 54(26.9) | 12(44.4) | 504(31.8) | 110(30.2) | ||
| Current smoker | 57(28.4) | 9(33.3) | 709(44.7) | 200(54.9) | ||
| Alcohol statusc | .009χ2 | .012 χ2 | ||||
| Non alkohol users | 39(19.4) | 2(7.4) | 193(12.6) | 32(9.8) | ||
| < 16 units/week | 133(66.2) | 15(55.6) | 1087(70.7) | 217(66.8) | ||
| ≥ 16 units/week | 29(14.4) | 10(37.0) | 257(16.7) | 76(23.4) | ||
| Alcohol intake, units/week, mean ± SD | ||||||
| 7.3(7.7) | 11.5(10.9) | .012 | 8.4(11.0) | 10.2(11.8) | .011 | |
a disorders affecting testicular function: varicocele (gr 2, 3 and bilateral), testicular trauma, inguinal hernia
b FM: 10 missing, MPIC: 692 missing
c FM 10 missing, MPIC: 780 missing