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. 2018 Feb 28;115(11):2687–2692. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1721627115

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Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).

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Fig. 1. — Schematic representation of the effect of INPs on marine mixed-phase clouds. Variations on the concentrations of INP both transported and emitted locally can strongly modify the evolution of low-level clouds by affecting the number of ice nucleation events. Each cloud represents a different time in the evolution of the cloud system. The yellow arrows represent radiative fluxes, the green arrow represents INP sources from below cloud, and the brown arrow represents INP sources from the free troposphere.