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. 2018 Mar 16;8:4711. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22934-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Roflumilast produces a much more potent smooth muscle relaxation versus that induced by tadalafil in pig and human bladder neck. Isometric force recordings showing the relaxations elicited by roflumilast (0.1 nM–3 µM) on 1 µM phenylephrine (PhE)-precontracted urothelium-denuded bladder neck strips of pig (A) and human (B). Vertical bar shows tension in g and horizontal bar time in min. W: wash. (C,D) Concentration-response relaxation curves to roflumilast (0.1 nM –3 µM) (open circles) and tadalafil (0.1 nM–10 µM) (open triangles) in pig (n = 8) (C) and human (n = 4) (D) samples. Results represent mean ± s.e.m.