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. 2018 Mar 16;8:4722. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22971-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic representation of the AVC explant model with and without epicardial cell contamination. (a) Explants collected from embryo between 20 s–23 s contain none to nearly no epicardial cells. Only endothelium-derived mesenchymal cells will grow out of the explant. (b) From 23 s onwards, epicardial contamination increases and becomes apparent as monolayers of epicardium-derived cells capable of undergoing epicardial-to-mesenchymal transitions.