Fig. 4.

Requirement of upper and middle toe and of lower vertical lobe MBE neurons across behavioral tasks. a–f Analyses corresponding to the ones from Fig. 3a–d, for the upper and middle toe and of lower vertical lobe MBE neurons. Columns show, from left to right, the expression pattern of the indicated split-Gal4 strain and schematic overview of the covered MBE, the associative performance indices for odor-fructose reward associative memory, and the preference scores of experimentally naïve larvae for the odor as well as for fructose. Experimental larvae are heterozygous for the indicated split-Gal4 drivers and for UAS-Kir2.1::GFP, leading to silencing of the respective MBE (MBE block). Control larvae are heterozygous for only the UAS-Kir2.1::GFP effector (effector Ctrl), or for only the split-Gal4 drivers (driver Ctrl). Sample sizes are indicated within the figure. At plain horizontal lines * refers to P < 0.05/2 and ns to P > 0.05/2 in Mann–Whitney U-tests; at horizontal lines with arrowheads, ns refers to P > 0.05 in Kruskal–Wallis tests. Significant phenotypes upon silencing a given MBE are marked by red frames. The preference scores underlying the associative performance indices in the leftmost panels can be found in Supplementary Fig. 6. Expression patterns of split-Gal4 drivers covering the respective MBE are visible based on anti-GFP staining (black); the central nervous system is visible based on background fluorescence (gray). Behavioral tasks and other details were as in Fig. 3e