Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Controls (C) (n = 44) |
PD (n = 11) |
PDD (n = 18) |
DLB (n = 6) |
Significant differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease duration (yr) | N/A | 5.1 ± 4.0 | 9.0 ± 4.1 | 5.5 ± 2.2 | PD < PDD* |
| Age | 76 ± 5.3 | 67 ± 5.5 | 73 ± 7.0 | 71 ± 6.3 | PD < PDD*, C > PD***, C > PDD* |
| Gender (M/F) | 21/23 | 8/3 | 12/6 | 3/3 | n.s. |
| Aβ-status (positive/negative) | 13/31 | 1/8§ | 4/12§ | 1/3§ | n.s. |
| UPDRS III | N/A | 11 ± 8 | 27 ± 13 | 26 ± 21 | PD < PDD** |
| MMSE | 29 ± 1 | 28 ± 2 | 22 ± 4 | 22 ± 7 | C > PDD***, C > DLB***, PD > PDD***, PD > DLB*** |
| Education | 11.7 ± 3.8 | 11.9 ± 2.8 | 12.3 ± 4.4 | 10.5 ± 2.8 | n.s. |
| AQT (CS) | 64.7 ± 12.5 | 68.5 ± 15.3 | 149.5 ± 73.5 | 89.0 ± 30.3 | C < PDD***, PD < PDD***, PDD > DLB** |
| Word list delayed recall (ADAS) | 2.3 ± 1.8 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 6.5 ± 2.9 | 7.7 ± 2.9 | C < PDD***, C < DLB***, PD < PDD***, PD < DLB*** |
| Letter S-fluency | 16 ± 7 | 15 ± 5 | 9 ± 3 | 9 ± 5 | C > PDD***, C > DLB**, PD > DLB*, PD > PDD** |
| Animal fluency | 24 ± 6 | 22 ± 6 | 11 ± 6 | 12 ± 8 | C > PDD***, C > DLB***, PD > PDD***, PD > DLB** |
Aβ - Amyloid beta; ADAS - Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale; AQT (CS) - A Quick Test for cognitive speed (Colour and shape); N/A - Not applicable; MMSE - Mini-mental State Exam; UPDRS III – Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, item III (motor score). n.s. – not significant. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. §Data on amyloid status are missing on two subjects in the PD, PDD and DLB groups.