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. 2018 Mar 16;8:4686. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22929-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Shared or differential functional abnormalities in patients with SZ or BD-I compared with HCs. (A) Brain areas in green indicate regions with reduced hemodynamic responses, compared with HCs, overlapped in both patients with SZ and BD-I: bilateral inferior frontal, middle frontal and superior frontal (including orbitofrontal region) gyri. (B) Dot plots of task-related oxy-Hb changes in the right inferior frontal gyrus (channel 46) in the SZ, BD-I and HC groups. (C) Differential time course of task-related oxy-Hb signals in the SZ, BD-I and HC groups in the right inferior frontal gyrus (channel 46). In the HC group, the time course of changes in the task-related oxy-Hb signal showed a gradual increase; the SZ and BD-I groups did not exhibit this response. (D) Brain areas in blue indicate regions where reduced hemodynamic responses, compared with SZ and HC subjects, were observed in BD-I: right inferior frontal and superior temporal gyri. (E) Dot plots of task-related oxy-Hb changes in the superior temporal gyrus (channel 44) in the SZ, BD-I and HC groups. (F) Differential time course of task-related oxy-Hb signal in the SZ, BD-I and HC groups in the right superior temporal gyrus (channel 44). In the SZ and HC groups, the time course of changes in the task-related oxy-Hb signal showed a rapid increase; the BD-I group did not exhibit this response.