Table 2.
Comparison of clinical characteristics between men and women groups.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 862) | Men (n = 636) | Women (n = 226) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.70 ± 11.56 | 52.20 ± 11.21 | 57.92 ± 11.51 | <0.001 |
| Duration of T2DM (years) | 8.75 ± 6.61 | 8.26 ± 6.39 | 10.13 ± 7.03 | 0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No smoking | 441 (51.2) | 226 (35.5) | 215 (95.1) | |
| Smoking | 334 (38.7) | 323 (50.8) | 11 (4.9) | |
| Quit smoking | 87 (10.1) | 87 (13.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Drinking, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No drinking | 601 (69.7) | 379 (59.6) | 222 (98.2) | |
| Drinking | 225 (26.1) | 222 (34.9) | 3 (1.3) | |
| Quit drinking | 36 (4.2) | 35 (5.5) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 381(44.2) | 272(42.8) | 109(48.2) | 0.161 |
| ARB/ACEI, n (%) | 189(21.9) | 132(20.8) | 57(25.2) | 0.190 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 497(57.7) | 345(54.2) | 152(67.3) | 0.001 |
| Metformin, n (%) | 487(56.5) | 365(57.4) | 122(54.0) | 0.391 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.92 ± 3.35 | 26.08 ± 3.08 | 25.48 ± 4.00 | 0.043 |
| WHtR | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.76 ± 17.26 | 129.08 ± 16.84 | 131.68 ± 18.29 | 0.063 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.00 ± 10.80 | 80.71 ± 11.04 | 78.00 ± 9.87 | 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.61 ± 1.85 | 8.61 ± 1.80 | 8.60 ± 1.99 | 0.942 |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 8.54 ± 2.83 | 8.55 ± 2.81 | 8.50 ± 2.89 | 0.813 |
| TC (mmol/l) | 4.04 ± 0.93 | 3.98 ± 0.93 | 4.21 ± 0.91 | 0.002 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.47(1.02,2.30) | 1.49(1.01,2.36) | 1.40(1.03,2.18) | 0.198 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.35 ± 0.75 | 2.33 ± 0.74 | 2.39 ± 0.76 | 0.363 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 0.97 ± 0.25 | 0.92 ± 0.21 | 1.11 ± 0.28 | <0.001 |
| HGB (g/L) | 141.26 ± 15.45 | 145.38 ± 14.21 | 129.65 ± 12.63 | <0.001 |
| UA (mmol/l) | 276.33 ± 78.03 | 289.40 ± 76.44 | 239.56 ± 70.50 | <0.001 |
| SCr (mg/dl) | 1.05 ± 0.23 | 1.09 ± 0.23 | 0.94 ± 0.18 | <0.001 |
| Cysc (mg/dl) | 0.90 ± 0.23 | 0.90 ± 0.22 | 0.89 ± 0.25 | 0.536 |
| eGFR (ml/min.m2) | 79.41 ± 16.22 | 80.86 ± 16.08 | 75.34 ± 15.94 | <0.001 |
| TSH (uIU/ml) | 1.94(1.32,2.75) | 1.86(1.29,2.60) | 2.32(1.44,3.17) | <0.001 |
| FT3 (pmol/L) | 4.74 ± 0.52 | 4.83 ± 0.50 | 4.50 ± 0.50 | <0.001 |
| FT4 (pmol/L) | 16.34 ± 2.10 | 16.38 ± 2.10 | 16.23 ± 2.10 | 0.374 |
| TPO-Ab, n (%) | 69(8.0%) | 36(5.7%) | 33(14.6%) | <0.001 |
| DKD, n (%) | 246(28.5%) | 174(27.4%) | 72(31.9%) | 0.200 |
| UACR (mg/mmol) | 1.08(0.63,2.99) | 1.04(0.61,3.07) | 1.21(0.75,2.86) | 0.029 |
Values are expressed as means ± SD or median (range) or count and percentage. ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HGB, hemoglobin; UA, uric acid; SCr, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; DKD, diabetic kidney disease. The P-value was obtained by chi-square or Mann–Whitney U test or independent two-sample t-tests.