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. 2018 Mar 16;8:4696. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23046-6

Table 1.

Means (M) and standard deviations (SD) for the different measures of prenatal and early postnatal stress (not log-transformed) by sex.

Measure of prenatal stress Male offspring Female offspring Sex difference
M, SD M, SD
Birth weight (g) M = 3482.46, SD = 541.20 M = 3236.43, SD = 491.07 Not significant.
Stressful life events during first half of pregnancy M = 0.25, SD = 0.27 M = 0.20, SD = 0.17 Not significant.
Stressful life events during second half of pregnancy M = 0.17, SD = 0.13 M = 0.17, SD = 0.15 Not significant.
Measure of early postnatal stress M, SD M, SD
Stressful life events during first six months after birth M = 0.19, SD = 0.15 M = 0.17, SD = 0.13 Not significant.
Stressful life events during 6 to 18 months after birth M = 0.27, SD = 0.22 M = 0.25, SD = 0.21 Not significant.
Anxiety and co-dependence during first weeks after birth M = 0.25, SD = 0.27 M = 0.20, SD = 0.17 Not significant.
Dysregulated mood and wellbeing during first weeks after birth M = 0.80, SD = 0.30 M = 0.79, SD = 0.34 Not significant.
Dysregulated mood and wellbeing at six months after birth M = 0.80, SD = 0.34 M = 0.70, SD = 0.27 Not significant.
Dysregulated mood and wellbeing at 18 months after birth M = 0.79, SD = 0.31 M = 0.79, SD = 0.31 Not significant.