Table 2.

Prenatal and early postnatal stress and their relationships with hippocampal gray matter (GM) volume (corrected for brain size) in young adulthood.

Measure of prenatal stress	Sample size	Left hippocampus	Right hippocampus
Birth weight	126	beta = −0.12, p = 0.19	beta = −0.03, p = 0.71
Stressful life events during 1st half of pregnancy	93	beta = −0.11, p = 0.29	beta = −0.09, p = 0.41
Stressful life events during 2nd half of pregnancy	122	beta = −0.07, p = 0.44	beta = −0.08, p = 0.38
Measure of early postnatal stress		Left hippocampus	Right hippocampus
Stressful life events during first 6 months after birth	124	beta = −0.007, p = 0.94	beta = −0.08, p = 0.37
Stressful life events during 6–18 months after birth	117	beta = 0.003, p = 0.97	beta = 0.0006, p = 0.99
Anxiety/co-dependence during first weeks after birth	122	beta = −0.25, p = 0.006, R2 = 0.06	beta = −0.24, p = 0.007, R2 = 0.06
Dysregulated mood and wellbeing during first weeks after birth	119	beta = −0.02, p = 0.81	beta = −0.06, p = 0.54
Dysregulated mood and wellbeing at 6 months after birth	124	beta = −0.10, p = 0.27	beta = −0.07, p = 0.47
Dysregulated mood and wellbeing at 18 months after birth	117	beta = −0.07, p = 0.44	beta = −0.08, p = 0.37