Table 5.
Association between total phytosterols intake and prevalence of abdominal obesity
| Overall | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 |
| Participants, n | 228 | 228 | 228 | 228 |
| No. of cases, n | 77 | 62 | 59 | 54 |
| Intake, mg/d | 161.9 | 231.3 | 294 | 383 |
| Crude | 1 | 0.732 (0.491, 1.093) | 0.685 (0.457, 1.025) | 0.609 (0.404, 0.918)* |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.806 (0.513, 1.266) | 0.566 (0.360, 0.891)* | 0.490 (0.305, 0.785)** |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.512 (0.302, 0.868)* | 0.423 (0.259, 0.691)** | 0.239 (0.127, 0.450)** |
| Men | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 |
| Participants, n | 102 | 102 | 102 | 103 |
| No. of cases, n | 51 | 43 | 36 | 36 |
| Intake, mg/d | 157.3 | 233 | 381.4 | 301 |
| Crude | 1 | 0.741 (0.426, 1.289) | 0.529 (0.302, 0.927)* | 0.545 (0.311, 0.957)* |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.657 (0.355, 1.215) | 0.520 (0.303, 0.955)* | 0.510 (0.293, 0.951)* |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.462 (0.233, 0.918)* | 0.407 (0.191, 0.864)* | 0.344 (0.144, 0.819)* |
| Women | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 |
| Participants, n | 125 | 126 | 126 | 126 |
| No. of cases, n | 25 | 23 | 20 | 18 |
| Intake, mg/d | 165.6 | 229.3 | 287.6 | 384.2 |
| Crude | 1 | 0.893 (0.476, 1.676) | 0.755 (0.395, 1.443) | 0.667 (0.343, 1.295) |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.738 (0.354, 1.539) | 0.672 (0.305, 1.480) | 0.341 (0.151, 0.770)* |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.525 (0.216, 1.276) | 0.497 (0.221, 1.118) | 0.321 (0.140, 0.571)** |
Model 1: adjusting for age, education, income, PAL, exercise status, smoking and drinking habits
Model 2: Model 1 + dietary carbohydrate, fat, protein, fiber and cholesterol intake were adjusted
* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01 compared with the 1st quartile