Table 2.

The main categories and related sub-categories

Category	Sub-category
Forgotten priority	Non-routine pain assessment/evaluation
	Inadequate physician-nurse interaction in terms of patient pain
	Absence of non-verbal pain assessment scales in the nursing flowchart
	Lack of policies and clinical guidelines
Organizational barriers	Inadequate nurse-patient ratio
	Presence of less experienced personnel
Attitudinal barriers	Adequacy of sedatives
	Failure to understand pain in unconscious patients
	No belief in non-verbal pain assessment scales
Barriers to knowledge	Unfamiliarity with the use of non-verbal pain assessment scales
	Insufficient training for clinical use of pain assessment scales