Table 2.
Association of factors with perinatal deaths for self-reported intrapartum complications and place of delivery
| Risk factors | Model 1: SES and delivery characteristics (OR; 95% CI) | Model 2: SES and effect of place delivery (OR;95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
|
Age (years): |
||
| <20 |
Ref |
Ref |
| 20-29 |
0.64; 0.55-0.75 |
0.67; 0.57-0.78 |
| ≥30 |
0.70; 0.59-0.84 |
0.74; 0.62-0.88 |
|
Family size: | ||
| 1-4 |
Ref |
Ref |
| 5-6 |
0.88; 0.77-1.01 |
0.87; 0.75-0.99 |
| 7-8 |
0.90; 0.76-1.06 |
0.87; 0.74-1.01 |
| ≥9 |
0.86; 0.75-1.00 |
0.85; 0.73-0.98 |
|
Household wealth quintile: | ||
| Lowest quintile (poorest) |
Ref |
Ref |
| Second lowest quintile |
0.96; 0.82-1.12 |
0.95; 0.81-1.11 |
| Middle quintile |
0.90; 0.76-1.06 |
0.87; 0.73-1.03 |
| Second highest quintile |
0.86; 0.72-1.02 |
0.84; 0.70-1.00 |
| Highest quintile (richest) |
0.66; 0.54-0.81 |
0.65; 0.53-0.80 |
|
Women’s education: | ||
| No education |
Ref |
Ref |
| 1-5 years (primary) |
0.90; 0.78-1.03 |
0.92; 0.79-1.06 |
| ≥6 years (secondary and above) |
0.86; 0.73-1.01 |
0.86; 0.73-1.02 |
|
Husband’s education | ||
| No education |
Ref |
Ref |
| 1-5 years (primary) |
1.04; 0.92-1.19 |
1.05; 0.92-1.19 |
| ≥6 years (secondary and above) |
0.93; 0.80-1.08 |
0.95; 0.81-1.10 |
|
Women’s ability to make decision about child health care: | ||
| No |
Ref |
Ref |
| Yes |
0.58; 0.37-0.91 |
0.58; 0.36-0.91 |
|
Previous history of stillbirths or neonatal deaths: | ||
| No |
Ref |
Ref |
| Yes |
1.36; 1.16-1.60 |
1.35; 1.15-1.59 |
|
Place of delivery: | ||
| Home |
Ref |
– |
| Public hospital |
2.40; 2.08-2.76 |
– |
| Private hospital/clinic |
1.32; 1.06-1.64 |
– |
|
Distance from health facility (km): |
||
| 0-5 |
Ref |
Ref |
| 6-10 |
1.01; 0.84-1.18 |
1.05; 0.88-1.24 |
| 11-15 |
1.28; 1.10-1.50 |
1.31; 1.12-1.53 |
| >15 |
1.07; 0.93-1.25 |
1.11; 0.95-1.28 |
|
Any intrapartum complication* place of delivery: | ||
| No complication and home delivery |
– |
Ref |
| No complication but received delivery from public health facility |
– |
2.07; 1.62-2.65 |
| No complication but received delivery from private health facility |
– |
1.46; 1.07-1.99 |
| Had complication and home delivery |
– |
3.45; 3.04-3.91 |
| Had complication and received delivery from public health facility |
– |
0.57; 0.42-0.78 |
| Had complication and received delivery from private health facility | – | 0.42; 0.28-0.63 |
SES –socio-economic status, OR – odds ratio, CI – confidence interval
*Denotes interaction between any intrapartum complication and place of delivery.