Table 3.
Weight, adiposity and circumferences over 4 months (Mean values and 95% confidence intervals)
| Baseline | 1 month | 3 months | 4 months | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Parameters* | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | P | Mean | 95% CI | P |
| Weight (kg)† | 0·10‡ | 0·54§ | ||||||||
| IECR | 79·4 | 74·6, 84·1 | 77·0 | 72·4, 81·5 | 74·4 | 70·0, 78·9 | 73·9 | 69·4, 78·5 | ||
| IECR+PF | 82·4 | 77·2, 87·6 | 80·1 | 75·2, 84·9 | 77·6 | 72·9, 82·4 | 77·3 | 72·5, 82·1 | ||
| DER | 86·0 | 80·6, 91·3 | 83·7 | 78·5, 88·8 | 82·3 | 77·1, 87·5 | 82·2 | 76·9, 87·5 | ||
| Body fat (kg)† | 0·004‡ | 0·659§ | ||||||||
| IECR | 31·0 | 27·9, 34·2 | 29·3 | 26·5, 32·1 | 27·3 | 24·6, 30·0 | 0·007‖ | 26·7 | 23·9, 29·5 | |
| IECR + PF | 33·5 | 29·9, 37·0 | 31·6 | 28·3, 35·0 | 29·7 | 26·6, 32·9 | 0·019¶ | 29·4 | 26·3, 32·6 | |
| DER | 35·7 | 32·3, 39·2 | 34·6 | 31·2, 38·0 | 33·7 | 30·3, 37·2 | 33·2 | 29·7, 36·7 | ||
| Fat-free mass (kg)† | 0·288‡ | 0·297§ | ||||||||
| IECR | 48·5 | 46·4, 50·5 | 47·6 | 45·6, 49·7 | 46·7 | 44·4, 49·0 | 47·2 | 45·1, 49·3 | ||
| IECR + PF | 49·0 | 47·2, 50·9 | 48·5 | 46·7, 50·3 | 47·9 | 46·2, 49·7 | 47·9 | 46·1, 49·6 | ||
| DER | 50·3 | 48·2, 52·3 | 49·2 | 47·4, 51·1 | 48·9 | 47·1, 50·8 | 48·7 | 46·5, 50·8 | ||
| Waist (cm)† | 0·088‡ | 0·475§ | ||||||||
| IECR | 100·5 | 96·6, 104·5 | 98·6 | 94·7, 102·5 | 95·2 | 91·4, 99·1 | 94·4 | 90·5, 98·3 | ||
| IECR + PF | 104·1 | 99·0, 109·1 | 101·8 | 96·9, 106·7 | 99·3 | 94·5, 104·2 | 98·8 | 94·1, 103·6 | ||
| DER | 106·0 | 101·9, 110·2 | 103·8 | 99·8, 107·8 | 102·7 | 98·4, 107·0 | 102·4 | 98·0, 106·8 | ||
| Hip (cm)† | 0·144‡ | 0·169§ | ||||||||
| IECR | 108·8 | 105·9, 111·7 | 107·4 | 104·4, 110·4 | 104·8 | 101·6, 108·0 | 103·7 | 100·2, 107·3 | ||
| IECR + PF | 111·0 | 107·3, 114·6 | 108·9 | 105·7, 112·1 | 107·1 | 103·7, 110·4 | 106·7 | 103·2, 110·2 | ||
| DER | 112·6 | 109·2, 116·0 | 111·1 | 107·8, 114·5 | 109·8 | 106·2, 113·3 | 109·8 | 106·1, 113·4 | ||
| Bust (cm)† | 0·098‡ | 0·418§ | ||||||||
| IECR | 102·8 | 99·6, 105·9 | 101·3 | 98·1, 104·4 | 99·4 | 96·3, 102·5 | 98·6 | 95·4, 101·8 | ||
| IECR + PF | 104·6 | 100·9, 108·4 | 102·7 | 99·1, 106·3 | 101·4 | 97·6, 105·1 | 101·1 | 97·4, 104·8 | ||
| DER | 108·5 | 105·2, 111·7 | 106·7 | 103·4, 110·1 | 106·2 | 102·9, 109·5 | 105·9 | 102·5, 109·3 | ||
IECR, intermittent energy and carbohydrate restriction; IECR + PF, IECR + ad libitum protein and fat; DER, daily energy restriction.
*
IECR (n 37), IECR + PF (n 38) and DER (n 40).
†
Baseline and last-observation-carried-forward (LOCF) values at 1, 3 and 4 months.
‡
ANCOVA for LOCF between the three groups at 3 months adjusted for baseline values.
§
ANCOVA for LOCF between the three groups at 4 months adjusted for 3-month LOCF values.
‖
ANCOVA for LOCF at 3 months between IECR and DER adjusted for baseline values with Bonferroni adjustment.
¶
ANCOVA for LOCF at 3 months between IECR + PF and DER adjusted for baseline values with Bonferroni adjustment.