Table 1.
Baseline population characteristics according to The Dietary Inflammatory Index quartiles, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005–2014.
| Characteristic | Frequency (%) or Mean ± STE | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Quartile 1 (n=6,491) | Quartile 2 (n=6,599) | Quartile 3 (n=6,608) | Quartile 4 (n=6,348) | ||
| Age (years)b | <0.01 | ||||
| Mean ± STE | 51.0 ± 0.41 | 47.6 ± 0.38 | 44.1 ± 0.36 | 41.7 ± 0.34 | |
| Sexa | <0.01 | ||||
| Female | 3774 (60%) | 3396 (52%) | 3159 (48%) | 3033 (49%) | |
| Male | 2717 (40%) | 3203 (48%) | 3449 (52%) | 3315 (53%) | |
| Marital Statusa | <0.01 | ||||
| Married or living w/partner | 4035 (68%) | 3873 (65%) | 3615 (63%) | 3234 (59%) | |
| Widowed/Divorced/separated | 1466 (18%) | 1421 (19%) | 1316 (18%) | 1228 (18%) | |
| Single, never married | 849 (14%) | 1076 (16%) | 1339 (19%) | 1534 (23%) | |
| Education Statusa | <0.01 | ||||
| Less than high school | 1501 (14%) | 1657 (17%) | 1635 (18%) | 1555 (20%) | |
| High school | 1197 (18%) | 1338 (21%) | 1451 (24%) | 1645 (29%) | |
| Some college | 1637 (27%) | 1807 (32%) | 1862 (34%) | 1757 (33%) | |
| College graduate or above | 1988 (41%) | 1479 (31%) | 1144 (24%) | 817 (18%) | |
| Racea | <0.01 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 2999 (71%) | 2923 (69%) | 2877 (68%) | 2973 (69%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1010 (7%) | 1175 (9%) | 1544 (12%) | 1781 (15%) | |
| Mexican American | 1037 (8%) | 1272 (10%) | 1164 (9%) | 828 (7%) | |
| Other | 1445 (14%) | 1229 (12%) | 1023 (11%) | 766 (9%) | |
| Perceived Healtha | <0.01 | ||||
| Excellent | 1069 (21%) | 949 (17%) | 879 (15%) | 743 (12%) | |
| Very Good | 1838 (34%) | 1763 (32%) | 1720 (30%) | 1675 (31%) | |
| Good | 2148 (30%) | 2378 (34%) | 2523 (38%) | 2393 (37%) | |
| Fair or poor | 1435 (15%) | 1505 (16%) | 1482 (16%) | 1533 (19%) | |
| Insurancea | <0.01 | ||||
| Yes | 5328 (86%) | 5084 (82%) | 4900 (79%) | 4566 (76%) | |
| No | 1156 (14%) | 1512 (18%) | 1698 (21%) | 1772 (24%) | |
| Incomea | <0.01 | ||||
| <20,000 | 1435 (16%) | 1640 (17%) | 1680 (18%) | 1782 (21%) | |
| 20,000–34,999 | 1162 (14%) | 1271 (16%) | 1366 (17%) | 1372 (18%) | |
| 35,000–64,999 | 1462 (24%) | 1484 (24%) | 1531 (25%) | 1480 (27%) | |
| 65,000+ | 2137 (46%) | 1900 (42%) | 1783 (40%) | 1516 (34%) | |
| Smoking Statusa | <0.01 | ||||
| Current | 631 (10%) | 1078 (16%) | 1580 (24%) | 1931 (31%) | |
| Former | 1741 (28%) | 1685 (26%) | 1419 (22%) | 1155 (19%) | |
| Never | 3992 (61%) | 3582 (56%) | 3189 (50%) | 2777 (46%) | |
| Smoking Family Membera | <0.01 | ||||
| Yes | 508 (9%) | 839 (15%) | 1260 (21%) | 1673 (28%) | |
| No | 4759 (91%) | 4685 (85%) | 4437 (79%) | 3918 (72%) | |
| History of Diabetesa | <0.01 | ||||
| Yes | 923 (10%) | 819 (10%) | 680 (8%) | 510 (6%) | |
| No | 5412 (90%) | 5626 (90%) | 5813 (92%) | 5711 (94%) | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2)b | <0.01 | ||||
| Mean ± STE | 27.8 ± 0.12 | 28.5 ± 0.11 | 28.9 ± 0.13 | 29.3 ± 0.11 | |
| Waist Circumference (cm)b | <0.01 | ||||
| Mean ± STE | 96.0 ± 0.32 | 98.0 ± 0.30 | 98.9 ± 0.32 | 99.7 ± 0.32 | |
Column percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding. Frequencies may not equal population total due to missing data. Percentages are based on weighted frequencies. Quartile samples sizes differ slightly due to use of weighting. DII quartile ranges: Quartile 1 = −5.96 to −0.87; Quartile 2 = −0.86 to 0.704; Quartile 3 = 0.71 to 1.97; Quartile 4 = 1.98 to 4.82.
a
p-value based on chi-square tests.
b
p-value based on trend test across quartiles.
Abbreviations: STE = standard error.