Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2018 Jan 31;9(3):535–542. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.002

Table 7.

Minimum recorded time of attachment for a single infected I. scapularis tick resulting in transmission that produced a detectable infection in an experimental host.

Pathogena Pathogen
strain/
isolate		 Tick
life
stage		 Experimental
host to
confirm
transmission		 Minimum
duration
of tick
attachment
examined		 Minimum
recorded
duration of
attachment
by single
infected tick
resulting in
transmission		 Reference
Powassan virus DTV-SPO Nymph White mouse 15 min 15 min Ebel and Kramer, 2004
Anaplasma phagocytophilum Wildb Nymph White mouse 24 h 24 h Des Vignes et al., 2001
Borrelia burgdorferi B31; Wildb Nymph White mouse 24 h 48 hd Des Vignes et al., 2001; Piesman and Dolan, 2002
Borrelia mayonii MN14–1420 Nymph White mouse 24 h 72 h Dolan et al., 2017
Borrelia miyamotoi Wildc Nymph White mouse 24 h 24 h Breuner et al., 2017
a

No data in the published literature for Ba. microti, E. muris eauclairensis or F. tularensis.

b

Field-collected infected ticks were used in the transmission experiment.

c

The infected ticks used in the transmission experiment originated from a field-collected female that passed spirochetes to her offspring.

d

Shih and Spielman (1993) documented one instance of transmission of Bo. burgdorferi strain JD1 by 36 h after nymphal attachment but it cannot be deduced from the description of the experiment whether this involved one or more infected nymphs.