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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2018 Jan 31;9(3):535–542. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.002

Table 8.

Minimum recorded time of attachment for multiple and simultaneously feeding infected I. scapularis ticks resulting in transmission that produced a detectable infection in an experimental host.

Pathogena Pathogen
strain/
isolate		 Tick
life
stage		 Experimental
host to
confirm
transmission		 Minimum
duration
of tick
attachment
examined		 Minimum
recorded
duration of
attachment
by infected
ticks
resulting in
transmission		 Numbers
of
infected
ticks
attached		 Reference
Powassan virus DTV-SPO Nymph White mouse 15 min 15 min Not clear Ebel and Kramer, 2004
Babesia microti Otis 4; Lewis Nymph Hamster 36 h 36 h Not clear Piesman and Spielman, 1980
Anaplasma phagocytophilum NTN-1 Nymph White mouse 12 h 24 h Not clear Katavolos et al., 1998
Borrelia burgdorferi JD1 Nymph Hamster 24 h 24 h 2 Piesman et al., 1987a
Borrelia burgdorferi Wildb Female White rabbit 24 h 48 h 8–9 Piesman et al., 1991
Borrelia mayonii MN14–1420 Nymph White mouse 24 h 24 h 6 Dolan et al., 2016
a

No data in the published literature for Bo. miyamotoi, E. muris eauclairensis or F. tularensis.

b

Field-collected infected ticks were used in the transmission experiment.