Table 2.
Bivariate associations between socioeconomic conditions and smoking behaviors, U.S. young adults ages 18–34 years, Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort Study, 2016.
| Ever cigarette use (n = 3335)
|
Past 30-day cigarette use (n = 3333)
|
Daily cigarette use (n = 412)
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | |
| 46.8 | (44.8, 48.8) | 14.9 | (13.5, 16.6) | 58.8 | (53.2, 64.1) | |
| Education completed | ||||||
| Less than high school | 50.4 | (42.0, 58.8) | 27.7 | (20.9, 35.8) | 66.2 | (50.8, 78.7) |
| High school | 48.0 | (43.5, 52.5) | 20.3 | (16.9, 24.3) | 60.6 | (50.2, 70.2) |
| Some college/AA degree | 47.9 | (44.7, 51.2) | 14.4 | (12.3, 16.9) | 61.2 | (52.9, 68.9) |
| Bachelor’s or Graduate degree | 43.1 | (40.2, 46.0) | 6.3 | (5.0, 8.1) | 35.0 | (24.2, 47.6) |
| Annual household income - quartile | ||||||
| <$30,000 | 45.1 | (41.3, 48.9) | 18.4 | (15.6, 21.7) | 62.5 | (53.5, 70.7) |
| $30,000–$59,999 | 49.9 | (46.2, 53.5) | 15.1 | (12.4, 18.2) | 65.4 | (55.0, 74.4) |
| $60,000–$84,999 | 43.7 | (39.2, 48.4) | 10.3 | (7.9, 13.3) | 39.5 | (26.9, 53.6) |
| $85,000 or more | 47.3 | (43.3, 51.3) | 12.3 | (9.6, 15.6) | 48.9 | (36.1, 61.9) |
| Subjective financial status | ||||||
| Don’t meet basic expenses | 49.9 | (41.4, 58.5) | 26.4 | (19.3, 34.9) | 66.9 | (50.2, 80.3) |
| Just meet basic expenses | 51.3 | (47.2, 55.3) | 20.4 | (17.3, 24.0) | 61.9 | (52.6, 70.4) |
| Meet needs with a little left | 47.7 | (44.5, 50.9) | 12.3 | (10.3, 14.7) | 65.1 | (56.0, 73.2) |
| Live comfortably | 40.5 | (36.8, 44.2) | 10.3 | (8.0, 13.2) | 34.4 | (22.8, 48.2) |
| Current job/paid employment status | ||||||
| Work full-time (35 h/week or more) | 52.0 | (49.3, 54.8) | 14.3 | (12.3, 16.5) | 57.8 | (49.8, 65.5) |
| Work part-time (15–34 h/week) | 42.5 | (37.6, 47.7) | 13.0 | (10.0, 16.9) | 44.8 | (31.6, 58.9) |
| Work part-time (<15 h/week) | 38.7 | (31.6, 46.3) | 15.6 | (10.3, 22.9) | 66.6 | (45.0, 83.0) |
| Don’t currently work for pay | 41.8 | (37.7, 46.0) | 16.9 | (13.9, 20.4) | 62.9 | (52.6, 72.1) |
| Maternal education (highest completed) | ||||||
| Less than high school | 41.1 | (35.2, 47.3) | 14.9 | (11.1, 19.7) | 65.3 | (50.8, 77.4) |
| High school | 50.7 | (46.7, 54.7) | 17.5 | (14.5, 21.0) | 66.3 | (56.2, 75.1) |
| Some college/AA degree | 48.1 | (44.6, 51.7) | 16.6 | (13.9, 19.8) | 64.1 | (54.3, 72.8) |
| Bachelor’s or Graduate degree | 44.2 | (40.8, 47.7) | 10.1 | (8.0, 12.6) | 31.1 | (21.2, 43.1) |
| Paternal education (highest completed) | ||||||
| Less than high school | 42.5 | (37.3, 48.0) | 14.4 | (11.0, 18.7) | 64.3 | (50.3, 76.2) |
| High school | 52.3 | (48.4, 56.1) | 22.3 | (19.0, 25.9) | 63.3 | (54.2, 71.5) |
| Some college/AA degree | 49.7 | (45.8, 53.6) | 13.4 | (10.8, 16.4) | 57.5 | (46.2, 68.1) |
| Bachelor’s or Graduate degree | 40.5 | (37.1, 43.9) | 8.1 | (6.3, 10.4) | 40.3 | (28.2, 53.7) |
| Subjective childhood financial status | ||||||
| Pretty well off financially | 47.5 | (42.6, 52.4) | 11.1 | (8.2, 14.9) | 58.1 | (42.2, 72.5) |
| About average | 44.9 | (42.2, 47.6) | 13.1 | (11.3, 15.2) | 52.5 | (44.5, 60.4) |
| Poor | 50.8 | (46.1, 55.5) | 20.2 | (16.4, 24.5) | 71.4 | (60.8, 80.1) |
| It varied | 46.9 | (40.4, 53.6) | 16.9 | (12.5, 22.4) | 55.8 | (39.7, 70.7) |
| Parental divorce before age 18 | ||||||
| Yes | 56.9 | (52.4, 61.2) | 18.9 | (15.5, 22.8) | 68.9 | (58.7, 77.6) |
| No | 43.4 | (40.8, 45.9) | 11.7 | (10.0, 13.6) | 48.7 | (40.7, 56.8) |
| One or both parents died | 51.3 | (42.9, 59.6) | 21.9 | (15.5, 30.0) | 77.2 | (60.5, 88.2) |
| Parents never married | 44.3 | (38.0, 50.8) | 19.2 | (14.5, 25.0) | 61.2 | (45.8, 74.7) |