FIGURE 4.

Leptin does not alter microglia responsiveness to LPS. Male primary mouse microglia were incubated with leptin (1 μg/ml) for 24 h, followed by an LPS stimulation (100 ng/ml) for 3 h. Gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (Il-1β and Tnf-α) was compared between control and leptin-treated cells with or without LPS stimulation. Leptin treatment had no significant effect on the LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Open circles depict untreated and closed circles depict leptin-treated microglia (n = 3 microglia cultures, mean ± SEM is depicted, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparison, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001).