Figure 1.

Inhibition of IL-33-induced innate lymphoid cell (ILC) 2 expansion and cytokine production by prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂). Purified ILC2 cells were cultured with or without IL-33 (20 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of 10 or 100 nM PGE₂. The cultures were analyzed on day 6. (A) The number of live cells harvested from the cultures. (B) Annexin V and 7AAD staining of total cells from the cultures. (C) IL-5 and IL-13 levels in the supernatant as measured by ELISA. (D) Intracellular staining for IL-5 and IL-13 production by ILC2. Representative dot plots (left) and the percentage of IL-5⁺IL-13⁺ cells (right) are shown. Each experiment was repeated at least three times with duplicates for each group. Data are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001.