Table 3.
Violent behaviors of school students and youth offenders.
| Behavior | School Students (N = 2723) |
Youth Offenders (N = 325) |
F-test | Effect Size | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | (SD) | M | (SD) | η2 | ||
| Vandalizing walls in public places | 1.29 | (1.09) | 1.92 | (1.34) | 90.98 ** | 0.029 |
| Bullying, insulting, fighting in the streets | 0.31 | (0.72) | 0.83 | (1.11) | 132.44 ** | 0.042 |
| Physically bullying others | 0.12 | (0.57) | 2.05 | (1.56) | 1935.45 ** | 0.389 |
| Carrying a weapon in case needed in a fight | 0.40 | (0.88) | 0.69 | (1.07) | 30.59 ** | 0.010 |
| Breaking windows or destroying other people’s houses or shops | 0.46 | (0.81) | 1.90 | (1.27) | 790.94 ** | 0.0206 |
Note: *p < 0.01, ** p < 0.001; Multivariate tests: Pillai’s trace = 0.406, F(3042, 5) = 415.7.