Table 4.

Summary of overall impacts on well-being and environmental health.

Surveyed Examples	Data Collected Show the Following Impacts:
Austria	Mean temperature, the frequency of extreme heat events, heavy rainfalls, flooding, and landslides are increasing. Health-related risks caused by heatwaves are enhanced by several factors including social status (poverty, manual labour), residential area (densely populated, disadvantaged urban areas, heat islands) and health condition (chronic diseases) [35].
Ethiopia	Heatwaves, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, malnutrition, and VBID are among most observed climate-sensitive diseases [42]. The situation is worst among the marginalized and poor due to very weak adaptive capacity [43].
Malaysia	West and East Malaysia experienced a significant increase of mean temperature, uneven rainfall, prolonged dry spell, El Niño and extreme events [44,45,47]. Those are causing waterborne, VBID, and heat-related diseases. The existing system is not ready yet to prevent climate change-related vulnerability [47].
Uruguay	Emergency response to climate change and variability, respectively [22,23]. Nevertheless, they still lack effective pre-event readiness [29]. VBID has increased after the El Niño events of 1997 and 2002, varying since 2005 in relation to total yearly rainfall [50].
SEQ, Australia	There are widespread infections due to flooding [54], heat-related deaths in heatwaves [59,60,61], and growing mental-health impacts due to drought [55,56,57]. The most vulnerable people are the elderly, agricultural communities and indigenous groups [56,58].
Douala, Cameroon	Facing severe health problems like heat-related illness and waterborne diseases due to the occurrence of extreme events, especially when there are few or no means of protection and adaptive actions [63,64,65,66].
La Paz, Bolivia	The municipal administration has achieved a successful adaptation over the last decade through adaptation actions: (i) early warning of heavy rainfall, (ii) risk mapping, and (iii) a rescue and relief sub-system [69].
Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Communities are vulnerable to waterborne diseases caused by floods [42,43]. Transmission occurs throughout the year, with a seasonal increase in intensity that coincides with the two rainy seasons, March to May and October to December [71].