Table 4.
Summary of two-factor MANOVAs on limb activity and energy expenditure a.
| Variable | Effect | F | P | ηp2 | Treatment (n/N) | Mean (SD) | Mean Diff. | 95% Conf. Int. for Diff. | Post-hoc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower Bound | Upper Bound | |||||||||
| Upstair/downstair momentum | Treatment b × Social interaction c | 0.314 | 0.578 | 0.005 | II (31/95) | 84.300 (22.764) | II−III | 6.442 | 30.177 | III < II (p = 0.003) |
| Treatment (I, II, III) | 9.538 | 0.003 ** | 0.141 | III (31/95) | 66.526 (23.222) | |||||
| Social interaction (Presence of partner) | 1.470 | 0.230 | 0.025 | Yes (26/62) | 71.238 (25.625) | |||||
| No (36/62) | 78.428 (23.558) | |||||||||
| Upstair/downstair calorimetry | Treatment b × Social interaction c | 0.077 | 0.783 | 0.001 | II (31/95) | 4.378 (1.383) | II−III | 0.215 | 1.558 | III < II (p = 0.011) |
| Treatment (I, II, III) | 6.977 | 0.011 * | 0.107 | III (31/95) | 3.506 (1.223) | |||||
| Social interaction (Presence of partner) | 2.114 | 0.151 | 0.035 | Yes (26/62) | 3.659 (1.377) | |||||
| No (36/62) | 4.147 (1.343) | |||||||||
| Number of posture transitions | Treatment b × Social interaction c | 3.708 | 0.059 | 0.060 | II (31/95) | 4.650 (5.364) | II−III | −12.799 | 0.013 | II < III (p = 0.050) |
| Treatment (I, II, III) | 3.99 | 0.050 | 0.064 | III (31/95) | 12.030 (17.209) | |||||
| Social interaction (Presence of partner) | 1.334 | 0.253 | 0.022 | Yes (26/62) | 6.190 (7.250) | |||||
| No (36/62) | 9.890 (16.101) | |||||||||
| Number of sitting posture | Treatment b × Social interaction c | 4.246 | 0.044 * | 0.068 | II (31/95) | 10.260 (11.081) | II−II | −18.324 | −2.539 | II < III (p = 0.010) |
| Treatment (I, II, III) | 7.00 | 0.010 ** | 0.108 | III (31/95) | 22.000 (19.313) | |||||
| Social interaction (Presence of partner) | 1.133 | 0.292 | 0.019 | Yes (26/62) | 13.690 (14.507) | |||||
| Interaction (No partner) | 12.565 | 0.001 *** | 0.270 | No (36/62) | 17.890 (18.114) | |||||
| II (No partner) (18/36) | 8.611 (11.126) | II−III | −29.194 | −7.918 | II < III (p = 0.001) | |||||
| III (No partner) (18/36) | 27.167 (19.221) | |||||||||
a The interaction between experimental treatment and social interaction is accounted for. b N denotes the total number of participants (95 excluding partners), whereas n denotes the number of those in the subpopulation (excluding partners). c I denotes Level 1 green exercise; II denotes Level 2 green exercise, and III denotes Level 3 green exercise. *, **, *** denote significance levels at .05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively.